9 research outputs found
Supplemental Material - Parental Depression and Self-Stigma Among Chinese Young People Living With Depression: A Qualitative Study
Supplemental Material for Parental Depression and Self-Stigma Among Chinese Young People Living With Depression: A Qualitative Study by Nan Du, Yihang Wang, and Yu-Te Huang in Qualitative Health Research</p
Rooted tRNAomes and evolution of the genetic code
<p>We advocate for a tRNA- rather than an mRNA-centric model for evolution of the genetic code. The mechanism for evolution of cloverleaf tRNA provides a root sequence for radiation of tRNAs and suggests a simplified understanding of code evolution. To analyze code sectoring, rooted tRNAomes were compared for several archaeal and one bacterial species. Rooting of tRNAome trees reveals conserved structures, indicating how the code was shaped during evolution and suggesting a model for evolution of a LUCA tRNAome tree. We propose the polyglycine hypothesis that the initial product of the genetic code may have been short chain polyglycine to stabilize protocells. In order to describe how anticodons were allotted in evolution, the sectoring-degeneracy hypothesis is proposed. Based on sectoring, a simple stepwise model is developed, in which the code sectors from a 1→4→8→∼16 letter code. At initial stages of code evolution, we posit strong positive selection for wobble base ambiguity, supporting convergence to 4-codon sectors and ∼16 letters. In a later stage, ∼5–6 letters, including stops, were added through innovating at the anticodon wobble position. In archaea and bacteria, tRNA wobble adenine is negatively selected, shrinking the maximum size of the primordial genetic code to 48 anticodons. Because 64 codons are recognized in mRNA, tRNA-mRNA coevolution requires tRNA wobble position ambiguity leading to degeneracy of the code.</p
Baseline characteristics of participants with normal and elevated urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio.
<p>Data are presented as median (interquartile range) unless otherwise noted. LDL: low density lipoprotein; HDL: high density lipoprotein; UACR: urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Elevated UACR was defined as UACR ≥17 mg/g for males and ≥25 mg/g for females. BMI: body mass index. WHR: wait-to-hip ratio, central obesity was defined asWHR ≥0.85 for females and ≥0.90 for males.</p
Distribution of elevated urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio in obese and/or central obese participants.
<p>Distribution of elevated urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio in obese and/or central obese participants.</p
Indexes of additive biological interactive effect of obesity and central obesity on elevated urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio.
<p>RERI, the relative excess risk because of the interaction; AP, the attributable proportion because of the interaction; S, the synergy index. If there was no biological interaction, the confidence interval of RERI and AP include 0, and the confidence interval of S contains 1.</p
Odd Ratios and 95% confidence intervals of elevated urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio with obesity.
<p>*Adjusted for age, gender, residence, smoking and alcohol drinking, hypertension, blood glucose, triglyceride and uric acid.</p
Additional file 1 of Estimation of estuarine habitat degradation and its influence on the reproduction process of the crab Eriocheir sinensis in the Yangtze River Estuary
Additional file 1. SDM modeling process
Polymer–Doxorubicin Conjugate Micelles Based on Poly(ethylene glycol) and Poly(<i>N</i>‑(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide): Effect of Negative Charge and Molecular Weight on Biodistribution and Blood Clearance
Well-defined water-soluble block
copolymers polyÂ(ethylene glycol)-<i>b</i>-polyÂ(<i>N</i>-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide-<i>co</i>-<i>N</i>-methacryloylglycylglycine) (PEG-<i>b</i>-PÂ(HPMA-<i>co</i>-MAGG)) and their doxorubicin
(Dox) conjugates with different composition and molecular weight were
synthesized. These Dox conjugates can form micelles in buffer solution.
The physicochemical properties, in vivo biodistribution, blood clearance,
and especially the tumor accumulation of copolymers and micelles were
studied. Severe liver accumulation can be observed for PEG-<i>b</i>-PMAGG copolymers. This was quite different from their
Dox conjugate for which decreased RES uptake and elevated kidney accumulation
could be observed. When decrease the negative charge to an appropriate
amount such as 8–10 mol %, both RES uptake and kidney accumulation
could be suppressed. Obvious tumor accumulation could be achieved
especially when the molecular weight were increased from ∼40
to ∼80 KDa. These results provided us with a guideline for
the design of nanoscaled drug delivery system as well as a potential
option for treating kidney-related cancers
Bipolar Electric-Field Enhanced Trapping and Detrapping of Mobile Donors in BiFeO<sub>3</sub> Memristors
Pulsed laser deposited Au-BFO-Pt/Ti/Sapphire
MIM structures offer excellent bipolar resistive switching performance,
including electroforming free, long retention time at 358 K, and highly
stable endurance. Here we develop a model on modifiable Schottky barrier
heights and elucidate the physical origin underlying resistive switching
in BiFeO<sub>3</sub> memristors containing mobile oxygen vacancies.
Increased switching speed is possible by applying a large amplitude
writing pulse as the resistive switching is tunable by both the amplitude
and length of the writing pulse. The local resistive switching has
been investigated by conductive atomic force microscopy and exhibits
the capability of down-scaling the resistive switching cell to the
grain size