Susceptible exposed infectious recovered-machine learning for COVID-19 prediction in Saudi Arabia

Susceptible exposed infectious recovered (SEIR) is among the epidemiological models used in forecasting the spread of disease in large populations. SEIR is a fitting model for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) spread prediction. Somehow, in its original form, SEIR could not measure the impact of lockdowns. So, in the SEIR equations system utilized in this study, a variable was included to evaluate the impact of varying levels of social distance on the transmission of COVID-19. Additionally, we applied artificial intelligence utilizing the deep neural network machine learning (ML) technique. On the initial spread data for Saudi Arabia that were available up to June 25th, 2021, this improved SEIR model was used. The study shows possible infection to around 3.1 million persons without lockdown in Saudi Arabia at the peak of spread, which lasts for about 3 months beginning from the lockdown date (March 21st). On the other hand, the Kingdom's current partial lockdown policy was estimated to cut the estimated number of infections to 0.5 million over nine months. The data shows that stricter lockdowns may successfully flatten the COVID-19 graph curve in Saudi Arabia. We successfully predicted the COVID-19 epidemic's peaks and sizes using our modified deep neural network (DNN) and SEIR model

History of the surgical Scalpel; A Brief Overview

Surgery is almost unimaginable presently without the scalpel. It is used to make incisions on the skin, in deeper soft tissues, vessels, and often in internal organs (1). It allows the surgeon to explore the internal environment and treat any ailments. So a good scalpel is an essential instrument in the hand of a surgeon. It enables him/her to perform correct incisions, whether the large open incisions of different shapes or the small incisions for laparoscopic port sites. A good scalpel also facilitates primary healing because it helps to make clean cut incisions with smooth edges. Different types of wounds such as cut or torn wounds can be treated by surgical debridement with a good scalpel and proper wound closure using sutures or bandage following the Friedrich’s principles. A scalpel should be used in a graceful motion after being held lightly by the tips of one’s fingers. A palmar grip can be applied whereby the surgical knife is held with the second through fourth fingers, being secured by the base of the thumb. The index finger should extend along the top rear of the blade and the thumb along the side of the handle. This grip works best for initial incisions and larger cuts. The pencil grip is for more precise cuts with smaller blades. The scalpel is held with the tips of the first and second fingers and the tip of the thumb with the handle resting on the fleshy base of the index finger and thumb. The surgeon should be careful not to allow the handle to rest too far along the index finger as this would result in an unstable grip and cramped fingers. But how this instrument, which is used at every operation, has been developed? Medical history, a vital part of the medical curriculum has not been a major focus for many teachers and students. This should not however be the case because studying the history of medicine has several advantages. Chief among these is that as we study history, we get to know what errors were made over time, and we can avoid them, keeping true to the saying that ‘he who does not learn from history is bound to repeat it’. Medical history also takes us through the journey and milestones made over time. This brings a better understanding to the techniques and principles that are currently used in medicine and helps students to better remember, instead of trying to memorize the facts. 4 History also might stir ideas for innovation, as one learns the simple ways that were used to solve complicated problems. Using modern day technology, several of the ancient instruments can be re-innovated to increase their efficiency.egységes, osztatlanáltalános orvosango

Evaluation of child preference for dentist attire and usage of a camouflage syringe in reduction of anxiety

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of child-friendly dentist attire and camouflage syringes on reducing dental anxiety in children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 120 pediatric patients aged 6 to 12 years. Participants were assigned to one of three groups: group A (child-friendly dentist attire), group B (camouflage syringe), or group C (control group). Child preference for dentist attire was assessed using a visual analog scale, while dental anxiety was measured using the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale and the Facial Image Scale. Results: The results showed a significant decrease in dental anxiety scores in both group 2 and group 3 compared to group 1 (P < 0.001). Children in group A exhibited a higher preference for child-friendly dentist attire [mean score: 8.7, standard deviation (SD): 1.2] compared to group 1 (mean score: 3.2, SD: 1.5) (P < 0.001). Similarly, children in group 2 showed a higher preference for a camouflage syringe (mean score: 8.5, SD: 1.3) compared to group 1 (mean score: 3.4, SD: 1.6) (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Child-friendly dentist attire and camouflage syringes were found to be effective in reducing dental anxiety among pediatric patients. These interventions were well received by children and their parents, highlighting the importance of considering child preferences in dental settings

Diagnosis and Management of Surgical Site Infections: Narrative Review

Infection of the wound after surgery is a regular occurrence. Wound infection is a complicated process that involves a molecular interplay between numerous biological processes. Wound infections are associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Surgical site infections are a common surgical complication that affects approximately 3%-6% of all surgical procedures according to different studies. Surgical site infections (SSIs) cause negative consequences in patients, such as prolonged hospitalization and mortality. Each incision causes wound contamination, however there are established techniques to reduce the incidence of SSI. Improved adherence to evidence-based preventative strategies such as adequate antibiotic prophylaxis, in particular, can help to reduce the rate of SSI. The sort of procedure used determines the correct diagnosis of SSI. Early detection, on the other hand, is critical for good management of all surgical operations. Consistent antibiotic therapy, wound drainage, and, if necessary, vigorous wound debridement are all part of the treatment for SSI. Following that, wound management is determined by the location and nature of the infection. This study aims to: Diagnosis and Management of Surgical Site Infections. In this review we will be looking at surgical site infections epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and management