27 research outputs found
Self-Regulation, Dysregulation, Emotion Regulation and Their Impact on Cognitive and Socio-Emotional Abilities in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Réactions parentales face aux émotions de leur enfant d'ùge préscolaire et liens avec leur théorie de l'esprit
International audienceNotre projet de recherche a pour objectif d'Ă©tudier comment la "Socialisation Parentale des Ămotions" (Parental Socialization of Emotions, PSE, Eisenberg, Cumberland & Spinrad, 1998) et/ou de RĂ©gulation Emotionnelle (Morris, Silk, Steinberg, Myers & Robinson, 2007) peut-elle avoir un impact sur les compĂ©tences socio-Ă©motionnelles d'enfants Ă dĂ©veloppement typique et atypique. Parmi les variables de la PSE, cette premiĂšre Ă©tude se focalise spĂ©cifiquement sur les rĂ©actions parentales face aux Ă©motions de leur enfant et examine comment ces rĂ©actions viennent soutenir chez les enfants la comprĂ©hension des Ă©motions et des croyances (ThĂ©orie de l'esprit, Theory of Mind, ToM). Cette premiĂšre Ă©tude est menĂ©e auprĂšs d'enfants tout-venant de niveau prĂ©scolaire (n = 100). Nous avons administrĂ© aux enfants la " ToM-Ă©motions " et la " ToM-croyances " (Nader-Grosbois & Thirion-Marissiaux, 2011) afin d'Ă©valuer leurs compĂ©tences en ToM. Les parents ont complĂ©tĂ© certains questionnaires : Questionnaire de RĂ©actions Parentales face aux Emotions Positives et NĂ©gatives (Daffe & Nader-Grosbois, 2009, inspirĂ© par CCNES, Fabes, Poulin, Eisenberg & Madden-Derdich, 2002; et par QREPEP, Ladouceur, Reid & Jacques, 2002), et l'Inventaire de la ThĂ©orie de l'esprit (The Theory of Mind Inventory, TOMI, Hutchins, Prelock & Bonazinga, 2010). Dans un premier temps, nous analysons la variabilitĂ© des rĂ©actions " soutenantes " (encouragement Ă l'expression des Ă©motions, rĂ©confort, stratĂ©gies centrĂ©es sur la rĂ©solution de problĂšme) ou " non soutenantes " (minimisation des Ă©motions, dĂ©tresse, punition) des mĂšres et des pĂšres face aux Ă©motions selon le sexe de l'enfant et son Ăąge. Dans un deuxiĂšme temps, nous Ă©tudions les liens avec les capacitĂ©s de l'enfant en ToM. Nos premiers rĂ©sultats montrent qu'il y a des relations positives et significatives entre les rĂ©actions parentales " soutenantes " face aux Ă©motions de leur enfant et leurs compĂ©tences en ToM. Un design similaire sera utilisĂ© dans de prochaines Ă©tudes avec des enfants Ă dĂ©veloppement atypique (prĂ©sentant une dĂ©ficience intellectuelle ou un trouble autistique)
Affective and Cognitive Theory of Mind in Children With Intellectual Disabilities: How to Train Them to Foster Social Adjustment and Emotion Regulation?
Affective and cognitive Theory of Mind (ToM) is known to be deficit or delayed in children with intellectual disabilities (IDs), when compared with typically developing children matched for developmental age. Yet, little is known about causal contribution of affective and cognitive ToM on emotion regulation or social adjustment in these children. Studies that aimed to answer this problematic, implemented training focusing on the nine mental states â mainly on beliefs and emotions â and in toddlers and adolescentsâ samples, rarely compared to control group. The present study aims at testing whether training ToM abilities notably affective and cognitive mental states in children with IDs could foster ToM, but also their emotion regulation and social adjustment. 30 children with mild or moderate IDs functioning at preschool developmental age, took part in a pre-test session involving measures on cognition and ToM. Teachers and/or parents completed questionnaires evaluating childrenâs emotion regulation and social adjustment. Secondly, children were allocated to control or experimental group which benefits from the specific âToM program for childrenâ. It was delivered in eight sessions, by an experimented searcher to sub-groups of three children. Finally, all children took part in a post-test session. Results showed significant improvement of affective and cognitive ToM abilities in children with IDs in experimental groups. After ToM training, they displayed a better understanding of cognitive mental states and of consequences of emotions. In post-tests, they are perceived as more socially adjusted by teachers
Spécificités de la perception de soi d'enfants ayant une déficience intellectuelle et impact sur le lien entre leur Théorie de l'Esprit et leur adaptation sociale
International audienceMalgrĂ© le foisonnement de conceptions du concept de soi Ă tout Ăąge (Cadieux, 2003 ; Duclos, 2004 ; Harter, 2006), les Ă©tudes restent parcellaires pour l'Ăąge prĂ©scolaire. Certains travaux examinent la perception de soi d'enfants d'Ăąge scolaire prĂ©sentant une dĂ©ficience intellectuelle (DI) mais rares sont ceux centrĂ©s sur la pĂ©riode symbolique. ParallĂšlement, des conceptions et des travaux se sont dĂ©veloppĂ©s sur la ThĂ©orie de l'Esprit (ToM) d'enfants tout-venant (TV) et atypiques. Selon l'approche vygotskyenne de la ToM, les facteurs sociaux font Ă©voluer la comprĂ©hension des Ă©tats mentaux et celle-ci influence les relations interpersonnelles (Hughes & Leekam, 2004). Certains travaux relĂšvent un lien entre le retard en comprĂ©hension des Ă©motions, le dĂ©ficit en comprĂ©hension des croyances d'enfants DI d'Ăąge dĂ©veloppemental de 3 Ă 6 ans et leurs difficultĂ©s d'adaptation sociale (Baurain & Nader-Grosbois, 2012 ; Thirion-Marissiaux & Nader-Grosbois, 2008). Pour comprendre la dynamique entre ces processus, Bosacki (2000) propose de tester le rĂŽle modĂ©rateur ou mĂ©diateur du concept de soi sur le lien entre ToM et adaptation sociale. Nos Ă©tudes comparent 45 enfants DI et 45 enfants TV d'Ăąge dĂ©veloppemental de 3 Ă 6 ans. Une premiĂšre Ă©tude investigue les hypothĂšses de retard versus de diffĂ©rence de sĂ©quence de dĂ©veloppement de la perception de soi (cognitif, physique, social, Ă©motionnel) des enfants DI. Une deuxiĂšme Ă©tude investigue la dynamique relationnelle entre la perception du soi social (ou acceptation sociale), les compĂ©tences en ToM des enfants et leur adaptation sociale perçue par l'enseignant et examine l'hypothĂšse de similaritĂ© versus diffĂ©rence de structure entre ces enfants. On a Ă©valuĂ© chez les enfants : l'Ăąge de dĂ©veloppement (EDEI-R, Perron-Borelli, 1996), l'auto-perception de soi (cognitif, physique et acceptation sociale, PSPCSA, Harter & Pike, 1980 ; Ă©motionnel, EPSE, Fiasse & Nader-Grosbois, 2008) et la comprĂ©hension des Ă©motions et des croyances (Epreuves-ToM, Nader-Grosbois & Thirion-Marissiaux, 2011). Les enseignants ont complĂ©tĂ© un questionnaire d'hĂ©tĂ©ro-perception du soi et l'Echelle d'Adaptation Sociale pour Enfants (Hughes, Soares-Boucaud, Hochman, & Frith, 1997). Les rĂ©sultats soutiennent l'hypothĂšse de retard de dĂ©veloppement du soi cognitif, physique et Ă©motionnel des enfants DI mais une hypothĂšse de diffĂ©rence de dĂ©veloppement dans le sens oĂč les enfants DI se perçoivent plus acceptĂ©s socialement que les enfants TV. Les perceptions du soi cognitif, physique et social des enfants DI sont moins rĂ©alistes que celles des enfants TV. Pour les deux groupes, la perception de l'acceptation sociale est mĂ©diatrice dans la relation entre ToM et adaptation sociale. La prĂ©sence ou non d'une DI ne modĂšre pas ni les relations entre capacitĂ©s en ToM et perception de l'acceptation sociale, ni celles entre perception de l'acceptation sociale et adaptation sociale. Ces rĂ©sultats soutiennent une hypothĂšse de similaritĂ© de structure
Impact d'un entrainement à court terme en Théorie de l'Esprit chez des enfants d'ùge préscolaire
International audienceA travers un design expérimental, notre étude examine l'impact d'un entraßnement du traitement de l'information sociale (TIS, Dodge & Frame, 1982) et de la Théorie de l'Esprit (Theory of Mind, ToM, Flavell, 1999; Wellman & Liu, 2004) sur la cognition sociale et l'adaptation sociale d'enfants d'ùge préscolaire. Tout d'abord, 47 enfants d'ùge préscolaire ont pris part à la session de pré-test qui incluait des mesures de l'adaptation sociale, socio-cognitives et cognitives, ainsi qu'une évaluation des comportements externalisés. La mesure des comportements externalisés est un outil d'observation et de codage d'une situation de jeu, en se focalisant sur les affects positifs et négatifs, l'agitation et l'inattention. Les mesures directes de cognition sociale impliquent des tùches de reconnaissance des émotions, de la ToM-émotions et de la ToM-croyances (Nader-Grosbois & Thirion-Marissiaux, 2011), et de résolution de problÚmes sociaux (RES, Barisnikov, Van Der Linden, & Hippolyte, 2004). Les enseignants ont complété l'Echelle de l'Adaptation Sociale pour Enfants (EASE, Hughes, Soares-Boucaud, Hochman, & Frith, 1997) et le ToMI (Theory of Mind Inventory, Hutchins, Prelock & Bonazinga, 2012). Ensuite, les enfants ont été répartis aléatoirement en deux groupes (un groupe expérimental et un groupe contrÎle). Dans le groupe expérimental, une courte séance d'entraßnement (45 minutes) a été donnée en utilisant du matériel éducatif ; les capacités en ToM sont entraßnées à travers des dessins animés à propos des émotions et des fausses croyances, le Mental Simil (Juarez Monfort, Sanchez, & Monfort, 2009) et le programme d'Howlin (Howlin, Hadwin & Baron-Cohen, 2010). Finalement, chaque enfant a pris part à la session de post-test. Nos résultats montrent une amélioration significative en ToM-émotions pour le groupe ToM, et en résolution de problÚmes sociaux pour le groupe expérimental. Des relations spécifiques se dégagent entre les composantes de la cognition sociale et les mesures d'adaptation sociale et comportementale. Nos études futures examineront l'impact d'un entraßnement à moyen terme de la cognition sociale chez des enfants à risque de développer des troubles du comportement externalisés, ceci dans le but de mieux comprendre les facteurs de risque de ces troubles. Des indications pour l'évaluation et l'intervention d'enfants à troubles externalisés seront dégagées. Mots clés : Entraßnement - préscolaire - cognition social
Training Social Information Processing in Elementary School Children With Intellectual Disabilities: A Key to Support Their Emotion Regulation and Social Behaviors
Children with intellectual disabilities (IDs) show deficits in social information processing (SIP) that increased the risk of social maladjustment. As social inclusion is a major preoccupation for professionals and parents, it is important to know how foster SIP among these children, in order to support their understanding of social situations, their emotion regulation and social adjustment. The present study tested the efficacy of a new âSIP program for childrenâ, considering specific strengths and weaknesses of these children. It also explored the potential causal contribution of SIP in elementary school children with ID to their emotion regulation, social adjustment and internalizing and externalizing behaviors. 30 children between 5 and 12 years with mild or moderate IDs, took part in a pre-test session involving measures on cognition and social problem solving. Teachers and/or parents completed questionnaires assessing childrenâs emotion regulation and social adjustment. Secondly, children were allocated to control or experimental groups. Experimental group participated in the âSIP program for childrenâ. It was implemented by two trainers which used the specific material and technics described by the program during eight sessions to sub-groups of three children. After, all children took part in post-test sessions. Results showed significant improvement of social problem-solving abilities in children of experimental groups. After SIP training, they easily judged social behaviors and produced more complex justifications related to social consciousness and social rules, in comparison to the control group. Parents perceived children who had participated in the training as more socially adjusted and teachers described them as more integrated, autonomous and cooperative. These children were also perceived as displaying fewer internalizing problems
II- Les relations internationales du Québec
Using an experimental approach, our study examined the differentiated effects on pre-schoolersâ social cognition of two short-term social information processing (SIP) and Theory of Mind (ToM) training sessions dealing with emotions and beliefs. The links between ToM, SIP, and social adjustment or externalizing behavior were examined. 47 pre-schoolers took part in a pretest session involving cognitive, socio-cognitive and social adjustment measures. The direct socio-cognitive measures involved tasks assessing emotion recognition, ToM emotions, ToM beliefs and social problem-solving. The teachers filled out a personality questionnaire and parents completed the Theory of Mind Inventory, a social adjustment scale and the CBCL. Secondly, they were allocated at random to two experimental groups (ToM training or SIP training) or to a control group. In the experimental groups, each of three children, short training sessions were given using educational materials. Free play was offered in the control group. Finally, all children took part in a post-test session. Our results showed significant improvement in ToM emotions for the ToM training group, in ToM beliefs for the SIP training group, and in social problem-solving for both experimental groups, and some transfer learning. In pretest, significant positive correlations were obtained between social cognition measures and individual characteristics, and between social cognition measures and social adjustment. Significant negative correlations were observed between social adjustment and externalizing behavior, and between social adjustment and emotional reactivity. This study provided some guidelines for formulating a medium-term training program in social cognition aimed at pre-schoolers at risk of displaying externalizing behavior disorders
Impact of Short-term Training in Social Cognition in Preschoolers with Externalizing Behavior
In two experimental and exploratory studies, we wanted to test the differentiated effects on preschoolers with externalizing behavior (EB) of two short-term social information processing (SIP) and Theory of Mind (ToM) training sessions, in comparison with typically developing (TD) preschoolers or with preschoolers with EB whom didnât receive training. Firstly, nineteen preschoolers presenting a high level of EB problems took part in a pre-test session involving direct cognitive and socio-cognitive measures (assessing the understanding of emotions, beliefs and social problem-solving). They were then allocated at random to two experimental groups (ToM or SIP training) and compared to nineteen TD preschoolers who followed the same procedure. Four experimental groups, EB-ToM group (n=9), TD-ToM group (n=9), EB-SIP group (n=10), TD SIP-group (n=10), received short training sessions, which were given by group of three children. All children took part in a post-test session. Secondly, EB-ToM group (n=9) and EB-SIP group (n=10) was compared to a control group of preschoolers with EB problems (n =9). These preschoolers took part in pre-test and post-test sessions. Firstly, we tested whether the effectiveness of the training was specific to children with EB compared to TD children. Although improvement was obtained in typically developing children, larger improvements were found in the population with EB. Secondly, we compared the potential transfer of learning between the two types of experimental training in children with EB problems. Results showed some improvement in ToM and in SIP for both experimental groups. These studies provide some guidelines for training in social cognition aimed at preschoolers who are at risk of or have developed EB disorders
Soi Ă©motionnel dâenfants ayant une dĂ©ficience intellectuelle : comment lâĂ©valuer et en identifier les variabilitĂ©s?
Cet article prĂ©sente une Ă©chelle dâĂ©valuation de la perception du soi Ă©motionnel adaptĂ©e au niveau prĂ©scolaire. Lâanalyse psychomĂ©trique prĂ©liminaire montre une structure en deux facteurs dâune cohĂ©rence interne satisfaisante (sous-Ă©tude 1A) ainsi que la stabilitĂ© des rĂ©ponses des enfants et leurs compĂ©tences langagiĂšres suffisantes pour comprendre les items de lâĂ©chelle (sous-Ă©tude 1B). LâĂ©tude 2 compare le soi Ă©motionnel de 45 enfants ayant une dĂ©ficience intellectuelle (DI) Ă celui de 45 enfants tout-venant (TV) appariĂ©s en Ăąge dĂ©veloppemental. Les rĂ©sultats soutiennent lâhypothĂšse de retard de dĂ©veloppement du soi Ă©motionnel des enfants DI. Contrairement aux enfants TV, leur Ăąge chronologique ou dĂ©veloppemental nâest pas liĂ© Ă lâautoperception de leur soi Ă©motionnel; aucune diffĂ©rence nâest obtenue entre lâautoperception et lâhĂ©tĂ©roperception de lâenseignant.This paper presents a scale of assessment of the perception of emotional self, adapted to preschool level. Preliminary psychometric analysis shows a structure in two factors with a satisfactory internal consistency (study 1A), and the stability of childrenâs answers and their sufficient language skills to understand the items of the scale (study 1B). The study 2 compares emotional self in 45 children with an intellectual disability (ID) and in 45 typically developing (TD) children, matched for developmental age. The results support the hypothesis of a developmental delay of emotional self in ID children. Contrary to TD children, their chronological or developmental age is not linked to self-perception of their emotional self; no difference is obtained between self-perception and teacherâs perception
How are parental reactions to childrenâs emotions linked with Theory of Mind in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder?
BACKGROUND : Based on the model of âParental Socialization of Emotionsâ (Eisenberg, Cumberland, & Spinrad, 1998), these studies examined the profiles of parental reactions to their childrenâs emotions and the relation between these reactions and their ASD childrenâs ToM abilities. They could help identify protective versus risk factors in their ToM development. METHOD : The participants in Study 1 included 29 mothers and 29 fathers of ASD children (26 boys and 3 girls). In Study 2, 39 mothers and 31 fathers and their ASD children participated. In both studies, mothers and fathers independently completed a questionnaire about their reactions to their childrenâs emotions. In Study 2 only, childrenâs ToM abilities were assessed by means of direct measures and a questionnaire completed by parents. RESULTS : The results indicated that mothers displayed more encouragement and less minimizing responses to their ASD childrenâs negative emotions than fathers. For both maternal and paternal model analysed by stepwise regressions, the results highlighted specific links between each parentâs reactions and childrenâs ToM abilities that varied according to mental states. These findings suggested that parental reactions which help the children to understand how they can solve problems are protective factors, while parental reactions which deprive children of an opportunity to explore their feelings are risk factors. CONCLUSION : These studies provide new information about how parental reactions to childrenâs emotions could socialise ASD childrenâs ToM abilities better; this could be useful for adapting parental support programmes