A Demographic Profile of Independently Incorporated Native American Foundations and Selected Funds in the United States

This report gives basic demographic information on 60 grantmaking entities grouped into three categories: 1) Native foundations that are independently incorporated; 2) 501c3 Native organizations; and 3) tribal funds. These categories capture the variety of Native controlled approaches currently at work in the field

Predicted Unusual Catalytic Activity of One-Dimensional Pt-Induced Atomic Nanowires on Ge(001) Surface

One dimensional (1D) metal-induced nanowires on a semiconductor surface have attracted enormous interest recently because of their unique electronic properties and great potential in device applications arising from the ideal 1D nature of the systems. Via ab initio modeling, we investigate for the first time the catalytic properties of Pt-induced nanowires (Pt-INWs) on a Ge(001) surface that have been successfully fabricated in experiments. We show that these 1D atomic wires can also be used as excellent catalysts for chemical reaction of CO oxidation. A new ground-state configuration of Pt-INWs on Ge (001) that is significantly more stable than previously reported ones is predicted. The origin of the low reaction barrier of the catalyzed CO oxidation is thoroughly discussed. These results pave the way for a new class of high-performance catalysts with 1D characteristics

Detailed information for the genetic variants associated with AAM.

Detailed information for the genetic variants associated with AAM.</p

Fig 1 -

Schematic depicting three key assumptions: (I) identified SNPs must be highly correlated with AAM and ANM; (II) SNPs should be independent of any confounding variables; and (III) SNPs affect the results only through their effect on exposure.</p

S1 File -

ObjectivesTo determine whether the age at menarche (AAM) and the age at menopause (ANM) are causally related to the development of sepsis.MethodsWe performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis by utilizing summary statistics from genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets for both the exposure and outcome variables. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that exhibited significant associations with AAM and ANM were chosen as instrumental variables to estimate the causal effects on sepsis. Our study employed a variety of methods, including MR-Egger regression, weighted median estimation, inverse variance weighting, a simple model, and a weighted model. Odds ratios (ORs) along with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used as the primary indicators for assessing causality. Furthermore, we conducted sensitivity analyses to explore the presence of genetic heterogeneity and validate the robustness of the tools employed.ResultOur analysis revealed a significant negative causal relationship between AAM and the risk of sepsis (IVW: OR = 0.870, 95% CI = 0.793–0.955, P = 0.003). However, our Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis did not yield sufficient evidence to support a causal link between ANM and sepsis (IVW: OR = 0.987, 95% CI = 0.971–1.004, P = 0.129).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that an earlier AAM may be associated with an increased risk of sepsis. However, we did not find sufficient evidence to support a causal relationship between ANM and sepsis.</div

Results of the MR analysis.

ObjectivesTo determine whether the age at menarche (AAM) and the age at menopause (ANM) are causally related to the development of sepsis.MethodsWe performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis by utilizing summary statistics from genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets for both the exposure and outcome variables. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that exhibited significant associations with AAM and ANM were chosen as instrumental variables to estimate the causal effects on sepsis. Our study employed a variety of methods, including MR-Egger regression, weighted median estimation, inverse variance weighting, a simple model, and a weighted model. Odds ratios (ORs) along with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used as the primary indicators for assessing causality. Furthermore, we conducted sensitivity analyses to explore the presence of genetic heterogeneity and validate the robustness of the tools employed.ResultOur analysis revealed a significant negative causal relationship between AAM and the risk of sepsis (IVW: OR = 0.870, 95% CI = 0.793–0.955, P = 0.003). However, our Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis did not yield sufficient evidence to support a causal link between ANM and sepsis (IVW: OR = 0.987, 95% CI = 0.971–1.004, P = 0.129).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that an earlier AAM may be associated with an increased risk of sepsis. However, we did not find sufficient evidence to support a causal relationship between ANM and sepsis.</div

Fig 3 -

Scatter plot (A), forest plot (B), sensitivity analysis (C), and funnel plot (D) of the causal effect of ANM on sepsis. ANM: age at menopause.</p

Fig 2 -

Scatter plot (A), forest plot (B), sensitivity analysis (C), and funnel plot (D) of the causal effect of AAM on sepsis. AAM: age at menarche.</p

Detailed information for the genetic variants associated with ANM.

Detailed information for the genetic variants associated with ANM.</p

Description of data sources about the MR analyses.

Description of data sources about the MR analyses.</p