USE OF DIAGRAMS AS INSTRUCTIONAL AIDS IN TEACHING OF GEOMETRICAL CONCEPTS AT SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL

Angle is a complex topic defined in a variety of contexts; some define angle to be as a pair of rays coming from a single point, as a rotation about a single point, or in a curve. Due to the multiple definitions of angle students get confused as to what an angle truly consists of. This study paid close attention to the misconceptions high school geometry students’ hold about the concept of angle and how to help them gain a more conceptual understanding of this essential concept with the use of different Diagrams. The main idea behind the conduction of this study is to investigate the effect of use of diagrams as instructional aids on the conceptual understanding of angles. The study hypothesizes that angle can be learned using interactive Diagrams. The results of this study showed that diagrams which based on different A.V aids was shown to be more beneficial for the students who used to clear the concept of angles

Impacto do Risco de Mercado, Taxa de Juros, Taxa de Câmbio no Retorno de Ações Bancárias: Evidências dos Bancos listados do Paquistão

The main purpose of this research is to find the relationship between market risk, Exchange rate, Interest rate, and bank stock returns in Pakistan. The KSE-100 index used as Market risk, US dollar against Pak rupees used as Exchange rate, three-month T-bill rate used as the interest rate and the continuously compounded return used as banks stock return. The time-series data from January 2007 to December 2018 is used in this study. The ordinary least square (OLS) method is used to check the relationship between bank stock return, market risk, interest rate, and Exchange rate. The result of this shows that market risk is positively significant, exchange rate rarely negatively significant, and the interest rate insignificant exempt of one bank. When the prices of the stock market are increasing the bank stock prices also increase. These empirical findings are helpful for the policymaker, investor, banking management as well as Government.El objetivo principal de esta investigación es encontrar la relación entre el riesgo de mercado, el tipo de cambio, la tasa de interés y el rendimiento de las acciones bancarias en Pakistán. El índice KSE-100 se utilizó como riesgo de mercado, el dólar estadounidense frente a las rupias de Pakistán se usó como tipo de cambio, la tasa de T-bill a tres meses se usó como tasa de interés y el rendimiento compuesto continuo se usó como rendimiento de acciones de los bancos. Los datos de series de tiempo de enero de 2007 a diciembre de 2018 se utilizan en este estudio. El método de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios (OLS) se utiliza para verificar la relación entre el rendimiento de las acciones bancarias, el riesgo de mercado, la tasa de interés y la tasa de cambio. El resultado de esto muestra que el riesgo de mercado es positivamente significativo, la tasa de cambio rara vez es significativamente negativa y la tasa de interés es exenta de importancia de un banco. Cuando los precios del mercado de valores están aumentando, los precios de las acciones bancarias también aumentan. Estos hallazgos empíricos son útiles para los responsables políticos, los inversionistas, la administración bancaria y el gobierno.O principal objetivo desta pesquisa é encontrar a relação entre risco de mercado, taxa de câmbio, taxa de juros e retornos de ações bancárias no Paquistão. O índice KSE-100 usado como risco de mercado, dólar norte-americano contra rupias de Pak usado como taxa de câmbio, taxa T de três meses usada como taxa de juros e retorno continuamente combinado usado como retorno de ações de bancos. Os dados de séries temporais de janeiro de 2007 a dezembro de 2018 são usados neste estudo. O método de mínimos quadrados ordinários (OLS) é usado para verificar a relação entre retorno de ações bancárias, risco de mercado, taxa de juros e taxa de câmbio. O resultado disso mostra que o risco de mercado é positivamente significativo, a taxa de câmbio raramente é negativamente significativa e a taxa de juros insignificante isenta de um banco. Quando os preços do mercado de ações estão aumentando, os preços das ações do banco também aumentam. Essas descobertas empíricas são úteis para o formulador de políticas, o investidor, o gerenciamento bancário e o governo

Safety Measures for Operating Team and Operation Theater During the Current Scenario of COVID-19

The COVID-19 has become a major threat to Pakistan and worldwide, and has become a significant issue for global health, economy and societies. This rapid spread was occurred from Wuhan, China to most of the part of the world. To elaborate the concept and recommendations regarding the safety precautions in operation theater (O.T) and inside associated team during the current scenario of COVID-19. Many research and review articles were studied to collect information about Covid-19 and strategies published in various journals using the search engine, PubMed and Medline. The COVID-19 has significantly changed all aspects of daily life around the world since very start of this year 2020. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), a novel corona virus, has been infected many healthcare workers. In this perspective, hospitals need a strategy to manage their resources, staff and supplies so that patients receive optimal treatment. A decision tree algorithm was developed that defined the recommendations for safety measures in operation theater and operating procedures, these include identifying and developing an isolation room, administrative measures such as transformations in working flow and procedures, introducing personal protective equipment for the employees and formulating anesthetic clinical guidelines. These control actions are essential to enhance the excellence of care provided to COVID-19 patients and to minimize the risk of spread to other patients or staff. The operating room is a dynamic environment with numerous staff like anesthesiologists, physicians, nurses, O.T attendants and technicians; however, we agree that the containment steps are important in order to improve the standard of treatment provided to COVID-19 patients and to minimize the chance of viral spread to patients other than COVID-19 and hospital staff

Volatilidade do mercado de ações do Paquistão: uma comparação de modelos do tipo Garch com cinco

This study conducts empirical analyses modeling the volatility of Pakistani stock market over the period of 1st January 2008 to 30th June 2018 via different GARCH type Model; Symmetric (GARCH & GARCH-M) and Asymmetric (EGARCH & TGARCH) with five different Distribution Techniques such as Normal Distribution (Norm), Student’s t Distribution (Std.), Generalized Error Distribution (GED), Student’s t Distribution with fix the degree of freedom (Std. with fix DOF) and Generalized Error Distribution with fix parameters (GED with fix parameters). The results are shown in GARCH (1, 1) lagged conditional variance and squared disturbance which effects conditional variance is significant in all distribution. GARCH-M (1, 1) depicts a positive significant at 1% results in Std. and GED which indicates the existence of risk premium and insignificant in rest of the distribution on. EGARCH and TGARCH both are found to leverage effect significant at 1% level. In determining the accuracy and adequacy of forecasting density and choice of volatility model the results on simulated data indicates choice of conditional distribution appear as a more dominant factor. EGARCH model with Student’s t the distribution technique is delivered satisfactory results as compare to other models which censored by statistical tools of maximum Log Likelihood, minimum AIC, and SIC. The previous study of Pakistani Stock Market is limited to GARCH family models with one or two distributions. This study covers the limitations and also contributes existing literature in this regard. This research is considered important for investors, policymakers, and researchers.Este estudio realiza análisis empíricos que modelan la volatilidad del mercado de valores pakistaní durante el período del 1 de enero de 2008 al 30 de junio de 2018 a través de diferentes modelos de tipo GARCH; Simétrico (GARCH & GARCH-M) y Asymmetric (EGARCH & TGARCH) con cinco técnicas de distribución diferentes, como la distribución normal (Norm), la distribución t de Student (Std.), La distribución de errores generalizada (GED), la distribución t de Student con la corrección del grado de libertad (Std. con corrección DOF) y Distribución de errores generalizada con parámetros de corrección (GED con parámetros de corrección). Los resultados se muestran en GARCH (1, 1) varianza condicional retrasada y perturbación al cuadrado, lo que afecta a la varianza condicional es significativo en toda la distribución. GARCH-M (1, 1) muestra un resultado positivo significativo al 1% en la norma. y GED, que indica la existencia de prima de riesgo e insignificante en el resto de la distribución en. Tanto EGARCH como TGARCH tienen un efecto de apalancamiento significativo al nivel del 1%. Al determinar la precisión y la adecuación de la densidad de pronóstico y la elección del modelo de volatilidad, los resultados en datos simulados indican que la elección de la distribución condicional aparece como un factor más dominante. El modelo EGARCH con la técnica de distribución de Student se entrega con resultados satisfactorios en comparación con otros modelos que están censurados por las herramientas estadísticas de máxima probabilidad de registro, mínimo AIC y SIC. El estudio anterior de la Bolsa de Valores de Pakistán se limita a los modelos de la familia GARCH con una o dos distribuciones. Este estudio cubre las limitaciones y también aporta la literatura existente en este sentido. Esta investigación se considera importante para los inversores, los responsables políticos y los investigadores.Este estudo realiza análises empíricas modelando a volatilidade do mercado de ações paquistanês no período de 1º de janeiro de 2008 a 30 de junho de 2018 através de diferentes modelos do tipo GARCH; Simétrico (GARCH & GARCH-M) e Assimétrico (EGARCH & TGARCH) com cinco diferentes Técnicas de Distribuição, como Distribuição Normal (Norm), Distribuição t de Student (Padrão), Distribuição de Erro Generalizada (GED), Distribuição t de Student com correção do grau de liberdade (Std. com correção de DOF) e distribuição de erros generalizada com parâmetros de correção (GED com parâmetros de correção). Os resultados são apresentados na variância condicional defasada GARCH (1, 1) e na perturbação quadrada que afeta a variância condicional em todas as distribuições. GARCH-M (1, 1) representa um significante positivo com resultados de 1% em Std. e GED que indica a existência de prêmio de risco e insignificante em resto da distribuição em. EGARCH e TGARCH ambos são encontrados para alavancar o efeito significativo ao nível de 1%. Ao determinar a precisão e a adequação da densidade de previsão e a escolha do modelo de volatilidade, os resultados em dados simulados indicam que a escolha da distribuição condicional aparece como um fator mais dominante. O modelo EGARCH com Student t a técnica de distribuição apresenta resultados satisfatórios quando comparado a outros modelos que foram censurados por ferramentas estatísticas de máxima Likelihood, mínima AIC e SIC. O estudo anterior do mercado de ações paquistanês é limitado a modelos de família GARCH com uma ou duas distribuições. Este estudo cobre as limitações e também contribui com a literatura existente a esse respeito. Esta pesquisa é considerada importante para investidores, formuladores de políticas e pesquisadores

Repercussions of COVID-19 on Daily Life Routine and Psychological Attributes of Medical Students towards Online Classes

Background: The novel coronavirus disease or Covid-19 is caused by a virus ofa strain named Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Countries enacted a strict self-isolation order as the authorities seek to clamp down on the coronavirus pandemic that has led to severe socio-economic disruptions to minimize close contact between individuals. One of them is the concept of work from home and the continuation of studies through online sessions. The study aimed to examine the psychological health of medical students in this quarantine period and the effect of this on their daily life activities and their attitude towards online classes. Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted in the Clifton campus of Ziauddin University Karachiin April 2020. Medical students studying in 1st, 2nd and 3rd year MBBS were included in the study. The total calculated sample size was n=105 however, 182 responses were received and data were analyzed. To assess psychological health depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS) was used among study participants. In order to identify its effects on daily routine and attitude self-administered questionnaires were formulated. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: The DASS scale analysis showed that most of the students belonging to different educational years scored in severe or extremely severe depression 55(30.2%), anxiety 56(30.8%) and severe stress 32(24.2%) levels according to DASS criteria due to COVID-19. The current pandemic has affected their daily life routine however, 111(61%) favored the decision of conducting online classes. Conclusion: The current situation has affected medical students psychologically and their daily life routine, students have shown a positive response to online sessions being delivered to them. Keywords: Medical Students; Psychological Health; Daily Routine; Online Classes

Functional Outcome of Titanium Elastic Nailing in Pediatric Tibial Fracture

Background: Tibial Diaphyseal fracture (TDF) is the third most common fracture seen in the pediatric population. Titanium elastic nailing (TEN) has been ideal for the management of tibial diaphyseal fractures to prevent complications. Therefore, this study aimed to access the functional outcome of TEN in pediatric Tibial diaphyseal fracture. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted on n=87 skeletally immature patients (6-12 years) at the two hospitals in Karachi from 1st November 2019-30th April 2021 including patients having unilateral, closed Tibial Diaphyseal fracture. The 75 patients (12 of them were lost follow-up) were analyzed in terms of wound infection, union, weight-bearing, limb shortening, rotation, angulation, and range of movement at knee and ankle joints. Paired t-test was used to compare the variables with a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Patients n=75 in this study had a mean age of 8.32±1.92 years with a mean weight of 25.8±6.9. The most frequent cause of injury was traffic accident 49(65.3%), followed by falling 19(25.3%) and 7(9.4%) with other causes. The most common fracture type was transverse 45(60%), followed by oblique 26(34.7%), and the remaining 4(5.3%) had a spiral fracture. All patients were allowed full weight-bearing at 9.8 ±1.5 week. At the end of this study, all patients regained knee and ankle range of motion (p< 0.0001). Conclusion: Titanium elastic nailing was the ideal procedure for Tibial Diaphyseal fracture in the pediatric population, resulting in a short hospital stay, a rapid rehabilitation without complications. Keywords: Pediatrics; Pediatric Tibial Diaphyseal Fracture; Titanium; Titanium Elastic Nailing; Functional Outcome; Movement

ہر فن مولا'' کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ''

The play "Har Fun Maula" written by Atta ul Haq Qasmi is the story of a illiterate and foolishyoung son of a rich person, who has been deceived by a clever and greedy man on a false motivation to bea politician, poet some time and other time a journalist.The play presents another hard working charactor, who promotes himself from the hairdresserto a business man and finally a famous rich property dealer of the city. This play presents the real valuesof our society and teaches the society not to be exploited by greedy cheaters. Hard work is key to success.</p

An Empirical Approach to Job Resourcefulness and Employees Outcome in Hospitality Industry

The basic aim of this study is enlightened the effect of job resourcefulness and employee outcomes on the hospitality industry. In present era of competition and continuous change in overall environment provide considerable opportunities to impose their policies to human capital so that their productivity and organizational performance may increase. Indeed, the human asset is an important resource for any association. Occupation nature and nuts and bolts of employment give to the workforce a sound aggressive condition. Specialist fulfillment may increment to give them these assets with the goal that authoritative presentation may increment. The present investigation was led to break down the occupation genius (JR) on two representative results e.g., work commitment and vocation fulfillment legitimately notwithstanding in a roundabout way through client direction. An example of 257 representatives from friendliness segment of the capital city of Pakistan, Islamabad is utilizing non-likelihood comfort testing. Questionnaires were utilized to gather information from respondents and five-point likert scales was utilized. Occupation creativity was estimated by four things adjusted from [1] while client direction was estimated with four things adjusted from [2]. Five things were browsed profession fulfillment scale set up by [3]. Finally, nine things size of occupation commitment made by [4] was in like manner used. In the wake of breaking down the gathered information, it was discovered that every one of the factors have positive and huge relationship. Moreover, it was additionally discovered that client direction assumes an intervening job between the relationship of occupation creativity and workers results. Proposals for future research just as commonsense ramifications are furthermore discussed toward the end

ظہور نظرؔ کی شاعری کے رنگ

Zahoor Nazar, belonged to Bahawalpur, was a great poet and a multidimensional personality. This study is an effort to acknowledge his contribution to not only literary world of Pakistan but also to develop political awareness amongst masses of Pakistan.</p

Role of Netflix in Highlighting the Consequences of Bullying Among Teenagers: A Case Study of 13 Reasons Why

This research study entitled Role of Netflix in Highlighting the Consequences of Bullying among Teenagers: A Case Study of 13 Reasons Why aims to investigate the role of media purposely Netflix in highlighting the consequences of bullying among teenagers. The qualitative study has been conducted by the researcher using an analytical methodology. As a theoretical framework, the researcher has considered Marshal McLuhan’s theory “Medium is the Message.” For exploring the impacts of bullying,13 Reasons Why (Netflix season) has been taken as a case study as this season emphasizes highlighting the strong impacts of bullying on protagonist Hannah Baker. Findings suggested that Netflix via 13 Reasons Why plays a role of critical impact in creating apprehension regarding the impacts of bullying among teenagers. It features various sorts and hurtful outcomes of bullying. It additionally brought into the spotlight the reasons for turning into a bully. Lastly, it suggested strategies against this social evil among teenagers. Recommendations of the study is centered on the need to examine the developing culture of bullying among teenagers (college and university students) and to hold sessions for the awareness about bullying to prevent the youth from the dangerous impacts of it.</jats:p