SPEECH PLANNINGS IN THE STUDENTS’ CONVERSATION (A CASE STUDY OF FOURTH SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT, DIAN NUSWANTORO UNIVERSITY)

This study is aimed at describing the speech plannings employed by the fourth semester students of English Department, Dian Nuswantoro University in making conversation with their friends. The data was collected by recording the students’ conversation. The conversation lasted for about 30 minutes. The data, then, was transcribed into the written form. In analyzing the data, the writer used the framework proposed by Faerch and Kasper (1983:214). The result showed that the speech plannings the students usually attempted in making conversation are: temporal variables such as pause (filled), drawls ; hesitation phenomena such as filled pause, repetition, and correction; and other phenomena like slip, switch, uptake signal, and interjection. From the kinds of speech plannings mentioned above it can be said that pauses (filled) were the most attempted by the students so they could gain time for execution. In general, the speech plannings attempted by the students indicate that the students’ speaking readiness is low. In other words, they often find problems in their conversation

LANGUAGE VARIETIES MAINTAINED IN SEVERAL SOCIAL CONTEXTS IN SEMARANG CITY

Language varies not only according to the social characteristics of the speaker ( such as his social class, ethnic group, age ,and sex ) but also according to the social context in which he finds himself. The same speaker uses different linguistic varieties in different situations and for different purposes. This study is aimed at describing the language varieties maintained in several social contexts in Semarang city such as market, police office, university, etc. The data were collected by using observation and note taking on some conversations occurred on those contexts, then, they were analyzed based on the theories of language varieties proposed by Trudgill (1984). The result showed that the social contexts or social situations that can come into play in controlling language varieties in Semarang city are : relationship between participants such as the degree of intimacy, the degree of social status, and power and solidarity; occupational situation, and degree of formality. In the degree of intimacy and the degree of social status, the lower the degree the higher style the language used. Power is a relationship between at least two persons, and it is non- reciprocal in the sense that both cannot have power in the same area of behaviour. Occupational situation was usually characterized solely by vocabulary differences and was simply a rather special case of a particular kind of language being produced by social situation. Degree of formality was usually characterized by the situation in which the conversation took place

THE REALIZATION OF IDEATIONAL MEANINGS IN THE STUDENTS' RECOUNTS

English Department Students of Faculty of Languages and Letters of Dian Nuswantoro University usually have difficulties in writing English Texts. Those difficulties deal with the way to organize ideational meaning in their texts. Based on that fact. this study was conducted to know the realization of ideational meaning in the students' texts. especially recounts. The data were taken from the students' recounts and for the sake of this study. 10 recounts were chosen as the data to analyze the data. Halliday and Matthiessen 's framework (1999) was applied to get a deep understanding of Ideational Meaning. The result shows that in organizing the Ideational Meanings in their recounts. the students used sequences figures. the elements of figures: Process. Participant, and Circumstances; and the realization of those elements in lexicogrammar. Kinds of sequences (clause complexes) the student mostly made in their recount are enhancement, and extension Elaboration, locution or idea have lower portion compared to the two sequences mentioned above. Four kinds offigures arefound in the students recounts. Those are figure of doing (material and behavioral processes), figure of sensing (mental process). figure of saying (verbal process), and figure of being (relational: attributive. identifying) process. and existential process). Among the four figures mentioned above, figures of doing (material processes) with actor and goal as the key participants dominate in all texts. 112 circumstances (circumstances of time, place. manner, matter, and circumstances are realized in simple and macro circumstances. The number of macro circumstances is higher than that of simple ones. Sincepersonal recount is a text telling someone's past experience, the realization of participants in their recounts are mostly conscious simple things. Simple qualities only exist in relational (attributive) process. The processes are mostly realized in polar non- phrasal verbs in past tense. accompaniment) are found in the students' recounts. Thos

HEDGES: THE EXPRESSIONS OF DOUBT AND CERTAINTY

Hedges are linguistic resources which convey the fundamental characteristics of science of doubt and certainty. Hedges are mostly verbal and adverbial expression such as could, perhaps,may, suggest which deal with degrees of probability. Hedges can be considered as the interactive elements which serve as a bridge between the propositional information in the text and the writer’s factual interpretation. Based on Meyer in Miller (1994: 109-110) hedges are expressed in the following strategic stereotypes: modal auxiliary verbs; modal lexical verbs of varying degree of illocutionary force; adjectival, adverbial, and nominal modal phrases; approximators of degree, quantity, frequency, and time; introductory phrases; if clauses; and compound hedges. While the reasons why people use hedges are minimizing the “thread-to-faceâ€, being a way of being more precise in reporting results, being positive or negative politeness strategies, and conforming to an established writing style.Keywords: hedges, taxonomy, style of writing, politeness strategies,strategic stereotypes

PERBEDAAN MOTIVASI BERWIRAUSAHA ANTARA PENYANDANG CACAT TUBUH BAWAAN DENGAN BUKAN BAWAAN

Kecacatan bagi sebagian orang merupakan suatu masalah yang sangat berat serta dapat menghambat cita-cita dan aktivitas. Permasalahan yang dihadapi orang cacat bukan aksesbilitas fisik yang terbatas, namun juga kemiskinan informasi, keberanian, daya prakarsa serta kesiapannya dalam memasuki dunia usaha atau motivasi dalam berwirausaha. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan motivasi berwirausaha pada penyandang cacat tubuh bawaan dan bukan bawaan. Hipotesis yang diajukan ada perbedaan motivasi berwirausaha antara penyandang cacat tubuh bawaan dengan penyandang cacat tubuh bukan bawaan. Subjek penelitian adalah penderita cacat tubuh yang dibina oleh Pusat Pengembangan Rehabilitasi Bersumberdaya Masyarakat (PPRBM) di Colomadu, yang bekerjasama dengan Dinas Sosial (Disnakertransos) di Kabupaten Boyolali berjumlah 80 orang dengan ciri-ciri: a) berusia antara 18 sampai 30 tahun, b) tinggal di rumah, c) pendidikan minimal SLTP. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive quota non random sample. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan skala motivasi berwirausaha. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis uji-t. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan teknik analisis uji-t antar kelompok diperoleh nilai t sebesar 5,255; p = 0,000 (p < 0,01). Hasil ini berarti ada perbedaan sangat signifikan motivasi berwirausaha penyandang cacat tubuh bawaan dan bukan bawaan, dimana rerata penyandang cacat tubuh bawaan sebesar 110,550 dan rerata penyandang cacat tubuh bukan bawaan sebesar 92,375. Penyandang cacat tubuh bawaan (A1) memiliki motivasi berwirausaha tergolong tinggi ditunjukkan dengan rerata empirik sebesar 110,550 rerata hipotetik sebesar 92,5. Penyandang cacat tubuh bukan bawaan (A2) memiliki motivasi berwirausaha tergolong sedang ditunjukkan dengan rerata empirik sebesar 92,375 dan rerata hipotetik sebesar 92,5. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian ini adalah ada perbedaan sangat signifikan motivasi berwirausaha antara penyandang cacat tubuh bawaan dan bukan bawaan. Cacat bawaan memiliki motivasi berwirausaha yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan cacat bukan bawaan

Dampak Program Bantuan Pangan Beras: Tinjauan Aspek Suply-Demand

Impor beras meningkat 613.61% pada 2023 untuk program Raskin/Rastra.&nbsp; Gagal panen beberapa Negara eksportir seperti India, menyebabkan suplai beras di pasar dunia berkurang dan mendorong kenaikan harga hingga 24.54% (yoy) yang ditransmisikan ke harga beras dalam negeri. &nbsp;Akibatnya daya beli masyarakat berkurang, dan meningkatnya rawan pangan, target menurunkan kejadian stunting ke level 14% pada 2024 sulit tercapai. Sejak awal program Raskin/Rastra tahun 2012, pola pangan masyarakat pindah dari pangan local ke beras. Kasus Provinsi Papua, produksi ubi kayu dan ubi rambat tahun 2015 menurun masing-masing (dalam ton) (-63,117.21) dan (-80,808.9) dibanding tahun sebelumnya. Kebutuhan beras Provinsi Papua rata-rata 132,000 ton per tahun, 74% didatangkan dari luar wilayah, dengan biaya distribusi mencapai Rp 125.89 milyar.&nbsp; Pemerintah perlu mengurangi ketergantungan masyarakat terhadap beras dengan menggeser secara perlahan, dana Raskin/Rastra, ke program pengembangan pangan lokal sesuai keunggulan komparatif masing-masing wilayah

ENHANCING THE STUDENTS’ CREATIVE WRITING ABILITY THROUGH GENRE AND INTERTEXTUALITY-BASED APPROACH

It is not an easy task for language students to write creatively. The students usually have insufficient knowledge of what they have to write. In respond to this gap this paper shows how genre and inter-textuality- based approach was implemented to develop the students’ creative writing ability through a series of writing assignment. The research participants included 20 students taking ‘Advanced Genre-Based writing†course in 2010/2011 academic year. The data were obtained from the students’ writings and classroom observations. The finding showed that teaching writing using genre and intertextuality approach could enhance the students’ creative writing. This evidence could be identified through students’ improvements in their  writings’ assignments. Another finding revealed that the approach could enhance the students’ motivation to express themselves through pieces of  writings. Based on the findings, the presenters argue that the introduction of genre and inter-textuality to creative writing programs is an important issue that writing teachers should take into account. Keywords: creative writing, genre, intertextuality, students’writings, students’ motivatio

MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENGENAL BENTUK BILANGAN 1 -5 MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA BONEKA JARI PADA ANAK KELOMPOK BERMAIN AL MUSTOFA GEMEKAN SOOKO MOJOKERTO

Abstract : The subjects of research were,using a finger puppet media in children playgroups Al Mustofa Gemekan Sooko Mojokerto, study subyectswere children playing group Al MustofaGemekan Sooko   Mojokerto. The result showed an increase in the ability to recognize shopes of number 1 -5. Based on the evaluation in cycle 1 was 89% and 2 cycles of 96% Keyword: Children’s Ability torecognize Numbers,Finger Puppet Abstrak : Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis tindakan kelas, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan anak dalam mengenal bentuk bilangan 1 – 5 menggunakan media boneka jari pada anak kelompok bermain Al Mustofa Gemekan Sooko Mojokerto. Subjek penelitian adalah anak kelompok bermain Al Mustofa Gemekan Sooko Mojokerto, Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan anak dalam menggenal bentuk bilangan 1 -5. Berdasarkan evaluasi siklus 1 sebesar 89% dan siklus 2 sebesar 96%. Kata Kunci : Kemampuan Mengenal Bentuk Bilangan, Media Boneka Jar