FEEDING PREFERENCE OF COPTOTERMES (ISOPTERA: RHINOTERMITIDAE) IN SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA

Genus Coptotermes play a critical role in the ecosystem, but is also the most important pest with species that cause the most damage to the wooden constructions and commercial crops in the world, including in Indonesia. This study aimed to observe and analyze the feeding preference of Coptotermes in South Sulawesi. Termites survey covered on South Sulawesi area with the elevation sites below 500 m; specimens collected used the insidential method of sampling; and host or plant attacked by Coptotermes used descriptive analysis . The results showed that there are twelve plants species attacked by Coptotermes, and the jawa wood (Lannea grandis L.) was dominantly preferred to feed by termites (56,7%) based on live plants

Physical, Mechanical, and Biological Properties of Silafluofen-treated Tropical Wood Using Multi-Phase Carbon Dioxide Impregnation

A new approach in wood preservative treatment using carbon dioxide (CO2) as a carrier solvent has been developed\ud and evaluated its effect on the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of treated tropical wood. It employs CO2 at\ud various combinations of temperatures and pressures in a treatment vessel at once and is called Multi-Phase Carbon\ud Dioxide (MPCO2) treatment. Three commercial tropical wood species (Agathis sp., Palaquium sp., and Heritiera sp.)\ud measuring 1.5 cm (T) x 1.5 cm (R) x 15 cm (L) were prepared for the treatment with a termiticide (silafluofen). A treatment\ud cycle was performed by loading two specimens of each wood species, applying the temperature of 15??C and pressure of\ud 60 kg/cm2, gradually increasing the temperature and pressure, respectively, to 35??C and 80 kg/cm2, and releasing the\ud pressure to atmosphere. The treatment was conducted with five replicates. Untreated and treated specimens were then\ud evaluated their physical, mechanical, and biological properties. Results show that the MPCO2 treatment significantly\ud enhanced the termite resistance of treated wood without any adverse effects on their physical and mechanical properties

PERUBAHAN SIFAT FISIK DAN STABILITAS DIMENSI KAYU AKIBAT PENGAWETAN MENGGUNAKAN IMPREGNASI KARBONDIOKSIDA

URL: http://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/perennialThe effect of preservative treatment using carbon dioxide as a carrier solvent on wood physical properties and dimensional stability had been observed on three commercial wood species (Agathis sp., Palaquium sp., and Heritiera sp.). For the purpose of the study, wood samples measuring 1,5 (R) x 1,5 (T) x 15 (L) cm were prepared. Treatment was conducted at elevated temperature (5 oC - 35 oC) and increased pressure\ud (60 - 80 kgf/cm2) on one occasion with five replicates using two specimens of each wood species for each treatment. The final treatment condition was maintained for three different periods (10, 20, 30 minutes). Results indicated that the physical properties and dimensional stability of the preserved wood were not\ud significantly affected by the application of CO2 impregnation as carrier solvent

ANTITERMITIC ACTIVITIES OF BITTI WOOD EXTRACTIVES (Vitex cofassus Reinw.)

Woods with low natural durability are vurnerable to the attack of organisms. Preservation\ud processes increasing wood service life would encounter this problem. However,\ud preservatives that are usually non-biodegradable will lead to some environmental\ud problems. The development of biodegradable and renewable natural preservatives that\ud are environmental friendly is then necessary. This research was aimed at determining\ud bioactivity of bitti wood (Vitex cofassus Reinw.) extractives to subterranean termite,\ud Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren. Extraction and successive fractionation of the wood\ud extractive resulted in 2.49% of acetone extract consisting of 1.470%, 0.053%, 0.027%, and\ud 0.940% of n-hexane, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate and residue fractions, respectively. The\ud termite test indicated that ethyl ether fraction was the highest antitermitic activity

ASR OF RICE HUSK AND THE POTENTIAL USE OF RHA TO MITIGATE ASR IN CEMENT COMPOSITE

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi reaksi alkali silika (ASR) pada sekam padi. Pembuatan contoh uji Mortar Bar didasarkan pada ASTM C 1260 yang dikenal sebagai "Accelerated Mortar Bar Test". Sekam padi yang telah dibersihkan dan dikeringkan kemudian digiling dengan menggunakan blender selama 3 menit untuk menghasilkan partikel sekam padi lolos ayakan 10 mesh. Pembuatan Mortar Bar dilakukan dengan mencampur sekam padi, semen, dan kapur yang dicetak pada molder kubus ukuran 25 x 25 x 285 mm. Rasio komposisi campuran sekam padi : {(semen : kapur)} terdiri atas 6 komposisi campuran (A, B, C, D, E, dan F) dengan rasio 30 dan 40 % : {( 100 : 0), (72 : 25), (50 : 50)} berdasarkan berat semen + kapur. Persentase pertambahan panjang Mortar Bar diukur setelah contoh uji yang direndam pada larutan NaOH 1 N disimpan dalam tanur pada suhu 80o C selama 16 hari. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ASR contoh uji Mortar Bar pada semua komposisi campuran tergolong potensial merusak dan sekam padi tergolong agregat reaktif

SIFAT FISIK IJUK DAN POTENSINYA SEBAGAI PERINTANG FISIK SERANGAN RAYAP TANAH

The fiber of sugar-palm tree Arenga pinnata Merr., locally known as ijuk, is traditionally used as covering to protect ground-contact wood construction materials although effectiveness of the material in protecting wood construction from biodeterioration has not been determined. In the current study, potential of the sugar-palm tree fiber as a physical barrier against termite attacks was analyzed in terms of their structure and physical characteristics. Samples of sugar-palm tree fibers from natural and marketed formations were prepared and determined for their fiber distribution, shapes, sizes, moisture content, density, and sheet grammage since these aspects were considered to be important factors influencing the penetration ability of termites. Results showed that each of the sugar-palm tree fibers has different shapes (half-round, round, rectangle) and different sizes (ranging from 0.05 to 1.00 mm in thickness). It was also found to have 3-5 ramifications with the angle of 10o – 30o. The process of branching out was supposed to initiate a natural insertion of each formed fiber to others. It is believed that fibers with particular arrangements are able to prevent the penetration or tunneling of termites. Keywords: Sugar- palm tree fiber, physical barrier, subterranean termite

SIFAT FISIS DAN MEKANIS PAPAN LAMINASI MENGGUNAKAN PENGAWET ALAMI BUAH BERENUK (Crescentia cujete) SEBAGAI ADITIF PADA PEREKAT TANIN: Physical Mechanical Properties of Laminated Lumber using Natural Preservatives Berenuk (Crescentia cujete) Fruit as an Additives of Tannin Adhesives

Tannin-based adhesives have drawn interest as a research topic because they can potentially be used in the wood panel industry as an alternative for synthetic adhesives containing formaldehyde. The development of this type of adhesives is expected not only because of the high durability of the panels produced, but also because of their high strength. The aim of this study was to determine the physical and mechanical properties of laminated lumber made from mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni) bark, with the addition of a biopesticide derived from berenuk fruit (also known as calabash fruit, Crescentia cujete) and wood from jabon merah (Anthocephalus macrophyllus). Laminated lumber (2 cm x 5 cm x 40 cm in thickness, width, and length, respectively) was manufactured with two layers of lamina. The physical and mechanical properties of the laminated lumbers were tested based on JAS 234-2007 standard. The result showed that laminated board from TBRF 0% and TBRF 5% adhesives met the standard for delamination test, and all laminated boards fulfilled the standard with regard to moisture content and formaldehyde emission test

IDENTIFIKASI, SEBARAN DAN DERAJAT KERUSAKAN KAYU OLEH SERANGAN RAYAP COPTOTERMES (ISOPTERA: RHINOTERMITIDAE) DI SULAWESI SELATAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengidentifikasi spesies Coptotermes yang terdapat di Sulawesi Selatan berdasarkan morfologi dan genetik, (2) menganalisis sebaran spesies Coptotermes berdasarkan wilayah, jenis tanah dan habitat spesifik, dan (3) mengevaluasi potensi kerusakan kayu yang ditimbulkannya oleh serangan Coptotermes serta hubungannya dengan faktor lingkungan. \ud Survey rayap dilakukan pada seluruh wilayah Sulawesi Selatan, dengan metode insidential sampling. Identifikasi berbasis morfologi dilakukan terhadap 9 karakter morfologi rayap prajurit, yang dicocokkan dengan kunci determinasi; sedangkan identifikasi berbasis molekuler dilakukan terhadap rayap pekerja. Analisis spasial dan deskriptif digunakan untuk sebaran spesies berdasarkan wilayah, jenis tanah dan habitat spesifik. Rating scale dan analisis varian digunakan untuk mengevaluasi derajat kerusakan sampel kayu, dan analisis korelasi Spearman???s Rho dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungannya dengan faktor lingkungan. \ud Hasil analisis varian, analisis cluster, serta data morfometri rayap prajurit yang tersebar pada 34 lokasi di wilayah Sulawesi Selatan menghasilkan 3 jenis Coptotermes, yaitu Coptotermes sp., C. gestroi Wasmann; dan C. curvignathus. Analisis high similarity blast nucleotide menghasilkan 6 spesies Coptotermes, yaitu C. sjoestedti, C. gestroi, C. amanii, Coptotermes sp. (P2Wo); C. curvignathus, dan Coptotermes sp. Spesies dari cluster 1 dan 2 tersebar hampir merata pada seluruh daerah yang disurvey, sedangkan C. curvignathus memiliki penyebaran terbatas. Keseluruhan Coptotermes tersebar pada 8 jenis tanah dan dominan ditemukan pada kayu Lannea grandis. Derajat kerusakan yang ditimbulkan oleh setiap jenis berbeda-beda; dan derajat kerusakan tersebut berkorelasi dengan jenis makanan dan sanitasi lingkungan, tetapi tidak berkorelasi dengan jenis habitat

Sintesis Perekat Kayu Berbasis Protein Bebas Emisi Formaldehid

Synthesing of wood adhesive has been done. This research aim to utilitize tahu and tempe liquid waste, but in this research was used simulation waste from Boiled Soybean Water (BSW) as enviromental adhesive and non-carcinogenic. Adhesive testing based on SNI 06-4567-1998 were in appearing colour, pH, solid contain, \ud gelatination time, density and viscosity. Adhesive was made from BSW resulting yellowish, 10, 44.70 %, 56 minutes 29.71 seconds, 1.1656 g/cm3 and 182.4387 cP, respectively

PEMANFAATAN NIRA AREN (Arenga pinnata Merr) SEBAGAI BAHAN PEMBUATAN GULA PUTIH KRISTAL

A research was conducted to evaluate the quality of white refined sugar produced from palm tree (Arenga pinnata) using direct and indirect cooking processes. Visual methods were applied to determine color, shape and texture of produced sugar. The sucrose, ash, and other sugar contents as well as dry weight of produced refined sugar were also analyzed. Results showed that the production process using direct cooking resulted in small granulated, dry, compacted and milky white refined sugar, while that using indirect cooking (four hours storage) produced clay granulated, less compacted, dust shape and browning refined sugar. The sucrose, ash, and other sugar contents found in direct cooking process were 10.27%, 0.016%. and 2.68%, respectively, while those found in indirect cooking process were 11.11%, 0.018%, and 2.78%, respectively. Keywords: Palm tree, Arenga pinnata, nira, white refined suga