Zero-Trust Architecture for Cloud-Based AI Chat Applications: Encryption, Access Control and Continuous AI-Driven Verification

The rise of AI chat apps has resulted in a change of communication as well as entire industries that are powered by AI technologies which bring great concern for security and privacy. Today, traditional perimeter-based security models based on physical location, and measures such as firewalls don’t solve these vulnerabilities in today’s cloud environment. Clearly, these approaches are not adequate to capture the dynamic and distributed nature of cloud computing or the threat of evolution challenge. To solve this problem, a secure AI chat application prototype has been developed as per Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA), which is a framework that assumes every entity as untrusted by default. In the prototype React JS is used for the front end, Node.js used for the back end and AI-based methods, such as AES GCM and Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) are used for encryption, and the prototype communicates securely as anomaly detection mechanisms are also integrated along encryption to monitor user behavior and identify potential threats. The prototype is hosted on AWS EC2 as it is reliable and adaptable to a range of user needs. For future, the protection of the prototype will be strengthened through additional layers of machine learning anomaly detection and multi factor authentication. Ultimately, in this work the practical use of ZTA principles to secure cloud-based AI chat platforms is demonstrated, providing a comprehensive framework for dealing with modern security and privacy issues especially for cloud-based applications

SUSTAINABLE GROWTH OF NONFINANCIAL FIRMS: MICROECONOMETRIC EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN

This research has investigated the sustainability of growth of nonfinancialfirms in case of Pakistan. For this purpose, explanatoryvariable of earnings per share and total assets turnover were used ascontrolling factors and liquidity, size and cash flows were used asindependent variables. Balanced panel of 27 firms with 24 annualtime dimensions has been used from 1988 to 2011. Model specificationcriteria were in favour of pooled least squares but due to heterogeneityof firms, fixed effect model was opted for. The results of research wererobust against internal growth but not robust to sustainable growthindicating that, in case of Pakistan, the leverage impact, which is thekey difference between internal growth and sustainable growth mightbe playing some unexplained role for the growth of nonfinancial firms.For steady, regular and internal growth, liquidity and cash generationability are playing a significant role but fail to support growth in thelong run and in a sustainable way

A Binary Logistic Analysis of the Working Status of Mothers and Impact on the Health and Education of Their Children

The present study investigates the impact of working status of the mothers on the health and education of their children. The results are based on observations obtained by the working women. The factors which were found significant in playing their role are joint family system, supportive husband, teaching children by themselves, using different sources to teach the children, allowing children to play outside, taunting the children, taking care of the health of their children by taking care of different factors, providing the proper medical and educational facilities, providing the proper time to them, attending the parents teacher meeting, checking the class work of the children regularly, keeping proper check on the children and the mental stress to them

Modeling the Role of Maternal Care in the Educational and Health Development of the Children

Mothers play different roles in their family which has an effect on  health and well being of all members of the family specially on children. Almost in all different societies around the world, they have been assigned to be primary care-givers to infants and children. The present study investigates the relationship of maternal care and its effects on the educational performance and health of children in Pakistan from a statistical perspective. The modeling and significance has been established by measures of association and automated linear regression

A Review and Identification of Aspects that Contribute towards Creation of Audit Expectation Gap, a Step towards Narrowing This Gap

Bridging of something requires a gap, and Audit expectation gap still exists since the time it was identified in 1970s, and to cover a gap requires identification of areas which needs to be covered, specially the areas which are the reason of creation of this gap. This paper attempts to expand the literature by identifying the factors which result in creation of this gap through a comprehensive review of literature, specially focusing the key countries in which studies are made regarding audit expectation gap as well as to highlight the groups among which the audit expectation gap exists, so that all necessary aspects should be taken into necessary consideration, and necessary attempts should be made to cover it. It is revealed that audit expectation gap exists due to difference of opinions about the factors like auditors’ role with respect to company and financial statements, audit knowledge, auditor’s attitude towards their profession, audit process, auditors’ independence, fraud detection, importance of auditing, preparation of financial statements, performance of company, parties to whom auditors are responsible, prohibitions and regulations of audit firm, reliability of financial reports and usefulness of financial statements among auditors, accountants, bankers, brokers, creditors, directors, educators, government, investors, journalists, jurors, shareholder, students and government. Various policy implications are also discussed herewith. Keywords: fraud, auditors, accountants, auditors’ responsibilities, expectation

Economic Forces and Stock Markets under Arbitrage Price Theory: Empirical Evidence from Turkey

Our aim is to identify common risk factors among some pre-determined macroeconomic variables in a way that whether they are presented significant risk premiums in pricing equation that was given above. First we identified number of potential factors explaining returns in Turkish markets as suggested by Ross (1980) when presented APT. We found two factors were significantly explaining returns and then to find out which factor they are. we have used methodology of Chen, Roll, Ross (1986) where we have ranked portfolios according to size (market capitalization) and portfolio returns are calculated as log-returns. Our main results have showed that stock returns are exposed to systematic economic news that they are priced in accordance with their exposures. Those variables in our study are MP, DEI, BIST 100, BIST 30 and CG that must be given importance for considering their impact on stock returns. Keywords: Arbitrage Pricing Theory, Factors Analysis, Economic Forces, Macroeconomic Factor

Bayesian signal detection and source separation in simulated brain computer interface systems

The problems of signal detection and source separation are important in many fields of science and engineering. In many cases, a target signal needs to be detected in real time and is contaminated by noise. Sometimes the level of noise is on the order of the signal itself. The real time detection of a target signal is of key importance in problems such as the brain computer interface systems. In brain computer interface systems, the neural activity (electric signals) of the brain is detected using sensors (electrodes) on the surface of the brain or the scalp. This signal is contaminated by various types of noise. The level of contamination increases when signal is recorded non-invasively. To detect such signals of interest a Bayesian signal detection technique has been developed and tested for various noise levels and compared with the popular technique of cross-correlation. Receiver operator curves (ROC) are employed to test the robustness of the proposed method and for comparison purposes

Impact of Capital Structure on Banking Performance

This paper examines the impact of capital structure on bank performance. The study spreads empirical work on capital structure determinants of banks within country and foreign country. Multiple reversion models are useful to evaluation the relationship between capital structure and banking performance. Performance is measured by return on assets, return on equity and earnings per share. Determinants of capital structure contains long term debt to capital ratio, short term debt to capital ratio and total debt to capital ratio. Results of the study validated a positive relationship between factors of capital structure and performance of banking industry. Keywords: Banking Performance, Optimal Capital Structure, Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Earning Per Share