Optimum (A) temperature and (B) pH and (C) thermal and (D) pH stability of PelC.

<p>(E) Substrate specificity of PelC.</p

Oligonucleotide primers used for the construction of plasmids.

<p>Primers were used during PCR to generate various DNA fragments.</p

SEM observation of ramie fibers and depolymerization capacity analysis of PelA, PelC, and PelA+PelC.

<p>(A) SEM observation of ramie fibers before (a, b) and after treatment with purified PelA (c, d), PelC (e, f), PelA+pelC (g, h). Scale bars: 10 µm (a, c, e, g) and 1 µm (b, d, f, h). (B) Depolymerization capacity of PelA, PelC, and PelA+PelC for different substrates. Enzyme dosage of 30 mU PGL for each group; PelA+PelC, treatment with a mixture of PelA and PelC at PelA:PelC = 5∶3; Sum of PelA and PelC, calculated sum value of PelA and PelC based on its proportion and depolymerization.</p

Phylogenetic analysis and SDS-PAGE detection of <i>B. subtilis</i> 7-3-3 PelC.

<p>(A) Phylogenetic analysis of <i>B. subtilis</i> 7-3-3 polygalacturonate lyase PelC (labeled with stars) with its homologous proteins (outgroups labeled with diamonds). (B) SDS-PAGE detection of purified PelC using a His trap™ FF column and deglycosylation by PNGase F. Lane 1, concentrated fermentation broth; Lane 2, purified protein; Lane 3, products of deglycosylation; Lane M, protein molecular weight markers. (C) Deglycosylation of PelC by Endo H. Lane 1, concentrated fermentation broth; Lane 2, products of deglycosylation; Lane M, protein molecular weight markers.</p

Fermentation results in 7.5 L fermentor using the optimal conditions from shake flasks.

<p>Fermentation results in 7.5 L fermentor using the optimal conditions from shake flasks.</p

PGL production of reported strains by optimized fermentation.

<p>a: Optimized strain.</p><p>b: Genetically engineered strain.</p

Degumming effectiveness of PGL crude enzyme in different PGL dosages.

<p>Degumming effectiveness of PGL crude enzyme in different PGL dosages.</p

Effect of pH control after feeding on PGL activity (A) and biomass (B) in a 7.5 L fermentor.

<p>Effect of pH control after feeding on PGL activity (A) and biomass (B) in a 7.5 L fermentor.</p

Effect of composition of the feeding medium (A), feeding frequency (B), feeding time (C), adding CaCO₃ (pH regulated), (D) and feeding pectin (E) on PGL activity in shake flasks.

<p>Effect of composition of the feeding medium (A), feeding frequency (B), feeding time (C), adding CaCO₃ (pH regulated), (D) and feeding pectin (E) on PGL activity in shake flasks.</p

Effect of feeding time on PGL activity (A), protein concentration (B), and biomass (C) in a 7.5 L fermentor.

<p>Effect of feeding time on PGL activity (A), protein concentration (B), and biomass (C) in a 7.5 L fermentor.</p