Table_1_Allium sativum: A potential natural compound for NAFLD prevention and treatment.DOCX

IntroductionNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) results from an excessive accumulation of fat particles that causes liver inflammation, which ultimately causes liver damage. There is still considerable uncertainty about the effects of any nutritional supplements compared to no additional intervention. This review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Allium sativum (A. sativum), known as garlic, in preventing and treating NAFLD.MethodsA systematic search based on a search strategy consisting of two components of “NAFLD” and “Allium sativum” in databases including PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), and SCOPUS was conducted on papers evaluating the effects of A. sativum on NAFLD treatment and prevention. We obtained studies from inception until 20 September 2022, followed by study selection and data extraction based on our eligibility criteria. Consequently, qualitative and quantitative synthesis was conducted.ResultsOur qualitative analysis reveals that A. sativum consumption is linked to the prevention of NAFLD, especially in males, although qualitative data in this study regarding the therapeutic properties of NAFLD was controversial. Our meta-analysis showed that NAFLD patients treated with A. sativum have significantly declined aminotransferase levels. That is to say, our meta-analysis revealed a lower alanine transaminase (ALT) (SMD = −0.580, 95%CI = −0.822 to −0.338), and aspartate transaminase (AST(SMD = −0.526, 95%CI = −0.767 to −0.284) in NAFLD patients treated with A. sativum compared to the placebo group. Also, pooling data from case-control studies showed that A. sativum consumption decreases the odds of being diagnosed with NAFLD by 46% (OR = 0.538, 95%CI = 0.451–0.625).ConclusionA. sativum consumption is not merely associated with NAFLD prevention but also results in a considerable decline in blood aminotransferase levels in patients diagnosed with NAFLD. To put it simply, A. sativum is linked to a decline in AST and ALT, which are considered reliable biomarkers of NAFLD response to treatment. Nevertheless, A. sativum is insufficient to improve NAFLD independent of other dietary amendments and lifestyle modifications.</p

Table_2_The efficacy of topical aminophylline in local fat reduction: A systematic review.docx

Background and aimsSome studies have reported that the topical forms with aminophylline as the active ingredient appear to be relatively effective on local fat burning while having no/minimal side effects. This systematic review accumulates all of the data on the local fat-burning potency of aminophylline topical formulation.MethodsDocuments were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases until Aug 2022. Data were extracted from clinical trials reporting the reduction in thigh or waist circumference as a result of using topical forms containing aminophylline. Screening of included studies was performed independently by two authors and the quality assessment of included studies was performed based on the Cochrane Collaboration’s approach.ResultsOf the 802 initial studies, 5 studies were included in the systematic review. Several concentrations of aminophylline were used in different studies. Most studies administred the topical formulation on participants’ one thigh, and the other thigh was considered to be the control for comparing the fat reduction amount. Except for one study, all other studies reported that all participants lost more fat on the treated area than the control groups. The amount of fat reduction differed in studies regarding their different aminophylline concentrations and administration routines. In the case of side effects, except for some studies reporting skin rashes, other studies reported no significant side effects at all.ConclusionsAminophylline topical formulation offers a safe, effective, and much less invasive alternative to cosmetic surgery for localized fat reduction. It seems that the 0.5% concentration, administered five times a week for five weeks is the most potent concentration. However, more high-quality clinical trials are needed to verify this conclusion.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022353578.</p

Additional file 1 of Association and interaction of the MC4R rs17782313 polymorphism with plasma ghrelin, GLP-1, cortisol, food intake and eating behaviors in overweight/obese Iranian adults

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Association of MC4R variant rs17782313 with appetite and biochemical parameters in general linear models. Supplementary Table 2. Association of MC4R variant rs17782313 with physical activity in general linear models

MOESM1 of The effect of co supplementation of omega-3 and vitamin D on cardio metabolic risk factors and psychological distress in reproductive-aged women with prediabetes and hypovitaminosis D: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Additional file 1. SPIRIT 2013 Checklist: Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents*

Table_1_The efficacy of topical aminophylline in local fat reduction: A systematic review.docx

Background and aimsSome studies have reported that the topical forms with aminophylline as the active ingredient appear to be relatively effective on local fat burning while having no/minimal side effects. This systematic review accumulates all of the data on the local fat-burning potency of aminophylline topical formulation.MethodsDocuments were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases until Aug 2022. Data were extracted from clinical trials reporting the reduction in thigh or waist circumference as a result of using topical forms containing aminophylline. Screening of included studies was performed independently by two authors and the quality assessment of included studies was performed based on the Cochrane Collaboration’s approach.ResultsOf the 802 initial studies, 5 studies were included in the systematic review. Several concentrations of aminophylline were used in different studies. Most studies administred the topical formulation on participants’ one thigh, and the other thigh was considered to be the control for comparing the fat reduction amount. Except for one study, all other studies reported that all participants lost more fat on the treated area than the control groups. The amount of fat reduction differed in studies regarding their different aminophylline concentrations and administration routines. In the case of side effects, except for some studies reporting skin rashes, other studies reported no significant side effects at all.ConclusionsAminophylline topical formulation offers a safe, effective, and much less invasive alternative to cosmetic surgery for localized fat reduction. It seems that the 0.5% concentration, administered five times a week for five weeks is the most potent concentration. However, more high-quality clinical trials are needed to verify this conclusion.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022353578.</p

Additional file 2: of Physical activity equivalent labeling vs. calorie labeling: a systematic review and meta-analysis

PRISMA 2009 Checklist. (DOC 63 kb

Additional file 1 of Association of cardiometabolic risk factors with insulin resistance in overweight and obese children

Additional file 1

Additional file 1: of The effect of different amounts of vitamin D supplementation on serum calcidiol, anthropometric status, and body composition in overweight or obese nursing women: a study protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial

The SPIRIT 2013 Checklist. (DOC 138 kb

Additional file 1: of Physical activity equivalent labeling vs. calorie labeling: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table S1. PICOS (population, intervention, comparator, outcome, setting). (DOC 29 kb

Additional file 1 of Association between CLOCK 3111 T/C polymorphism with ghrelin, GLP-1, food timing, sleep and chronotype in overweight and obese Iranian adults

Additional file 1: Supplemental Table 1. Association of CLOCK variant rs1801260 with behavioral and hormonal parameters. Supplemental Fig. 1. CLOCK 3111 T/C SNP interaction with chronotype on food intakes. Supplemental Fig. 2. CLOCK 3111 T/C SNP interaction with sleep on food intakes