Fuzzy Black Holes Algorithm

In this paper fuzzy version for black holes algorithm is proposed. The main idea of this article is based upon this principle that we should consider the distance between two black holes for calculating gravitational force (global search) and electrical force (local search). For this purpose, we have suggested Fuzzy distance notion. In this proposed idea, for calculating two forces, FQ and FG, considering the distance between black holes, we have defined a Fuzzy function, which receives distance value and depending on this value being low or high, produces a membership degree for gravitational and electrical constants to be used in the formulas related to the calculation of FG and FQ. The proposed method is verified using several benchmark problems used in the area of optimization. The experimental results on different benchmarks show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is better than basic BLA (Black holes Algorithm) and FPSO (fuzzy Particle Swarms Optimization)

Controlling Bloat in Genetic Programming for Sloving Wall Following Problem

The goal in automatic programming is to get a computer to perform a task by telling it what needs to be done, rather than by explicitly programming it.With considers the task of automatically generating a computer program to enable an autonomous mobile robot to perform the task of following the wall of an irregular shaped room, During the evolution of solutions using genetic programming (GP) there is generally an increase in average tree size without a corresponding increase in fitness—a phenomenon commonly referred to as bloat. Many different bloat control methods have been proposed. This paper review, evaluate, implementation and comparison of these methods in wall following problem and the most appropriate method for solving bloat problem is proposed

Black Holes Algorithm: A Swarm Algorithm inspired of Black Holes for Optimization Problems

In this paper a swarms algorithms, for optimization problem is proposed. This algorithm is inspired of black holes. A black hole is a region of space-time whose gravitational field is so strong that nothing which enters it, not even light, can escape. Every black hole has mass, and charge.  In this Algorithm we suppose each solution of problem as a black hole and use of gravity force for global search and electrical force for local search. The proposed method is verified using several benchmark problems commonly used in the area of optimization. The experimental results on different benchmarks indicate that the performance of the proposed algorithm is better than    PSO (Particle Swarms Optimization), AFS (Artifitial Fish Swarm Algorithm) and RBH-PSO (random black hole particle swarm optimization Algorithm).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ij-ai.v2i3.322

Using Black Holes Algorithm in Discrete Space by Nearest Integer Function

In this paper we Using Black Holes Algorithm in Discrete Space by Nearest Integer Function. Black holes algorithm is a Swarm Algorithm inspired of Black Holes for Optimization Problems. We suppose each solution of problem as an integer black hole and after calculating the gravity and electrical forces use Nearest Integer Function. The experimental results on different benchmarks show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is better than    PSO (Binary Particle Swarms Optimization), and GA (Genetic Algorithm).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ij-ai.v2i4.431

rac-(3-Hydr­oxy-2-phenyl­propionato-κO)triphenyl­tin(IV)

The SnIV atom in the monomeric title compound, [Sn(C6H5)3(C9H9O3)] exists in a distorted SnC3O tetra­hedral geometry. In the crystal structure, inversion dimers arise from pairs of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Edge influence on herbaceous plant species, diversity and soil properties in sparse oak forest fragments in Iran

Published versionForest edges have been well studied in temperate and tropical forests, but less so in open canopy forests. We investigated edge influence on plant species diversity and soil properties in sparse oak forest fragments. Data were collected along three transects from the edge to the interior of three small (under 10 ha) and three large (over 10 ha) oak forest fragments in Kermanshah Province, Iran. We measured herbaceous plants (<0.5 m in height) and soil attributes at 0 (forest edge), 25, 50, 100 and 150 m. We quantified species diversity using the Shannon index, used rarefaction to compare species richness between two different sizes of fragments and applied non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination to investigate the variation in species composition. We estimated the distance of edge influence using randomization tests. Generalized linear mixed models with post-hoc Tukey's HSD tests were used to assess the effects of distance from edge and fragment size on diversity and soil properties. We found greater species richness, diversity and evenness at the edge of both small and large fragments and lower nitrogen and organic carbon at the edge compared to the interior of large fragments, with most changes within 50 m of the edge. Species composition, organic carbon and total nitrogen were significantly different between small and large fragments. Our findings of significant edge influence on herbaceous plants and soil properties in these sparse forests provide a significant contribution to the literature on edges, especially in relation to herbaceous plants

From fidelity to entanglement of entropy of the one-dimensional transverse-field quantum compass model

We study fidelity and fidelity susceptibility by addition of entanglement of entropy in the one-dimensional quantum compass model in a transverse magnetic field numerically. The whole four recognized gapped regions in the ground state phase diagram are in the range of our investigation. Power-law divergence at criticality accompanied by finite size scaling indicates the field induced quantum phase transitions are of second order as well as from the scaling behavior of the extremum of fidelity susceptibility is shown the quantum critical exponents are different in the various regions of phase diagram. We further calculate a recently proposed quantum information theoretic measure, von-Neumann entropy, and show that this measure provide appropriate signatures of the quantum phase transitions (QPT)s occurring at the critical fields. Von-Neumann entropy indicates a measure of entanglement between some-particle block and the rest of the system. We show the value of entanglement between a two-particle block with the rest of the system is more dependent on the power of exchange couplings connecting the block with the rest of the system than the power of exchange coupling between two particles in the block

High Prevalence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi Genotype BEB6 in Wild Boars in Lorestan Province, Iran: Potential Source of Zoonotic Transmission

Background: We aimed to investigate the prevalence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and the circulating genotypes in wild boar in the western regions of Iran. Methods: Fifty-two fecal samples were collected from wild boars in Lorestan province, Iran. After DNA extraction, the presence of E. bieneusi was evaluated by real-time PCR. A nested PCR targeting the internal transcribed region (ITS) was employed to characterize genotypes. The PCR products were sequenced, and the genetic diversity and relationships among the genotypes were identified using MEGA X and DnaSp (V5) software. Results: Sixteen (30%) samples were positive for E. bieneusi using real-time PCR, and 11 (21%) were positive for nested PCR, which was sequenced. All 11 positive samples were identified as the BEB6 genotype (Group 2). The haplotype diversity was noted to be 0.182, and the nucleotide diversity, calculated using DnaSp, was 0. 00085. Conclusion: The findings highlight the high prevalence of the genotype BEB6 in wild boars. The presence of this genotype suggests the circulation of E. bieneusi between domesticated animals and wild boars in Iran

Sex differences in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis after adenoviral vaccination against COVID-19

Introduction: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis associated with vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (CVST-VITT) is a severe disease with high mortality. There are few data on sex differences in CVST-VITT. The aim of our study was to investigate the differences in presentation, treatment, clinical course, complications, and outcome of CVST-VITT between women and men. Patients and methods: We used data from an ongoing international registry on CVST-VITT. VITT was diagnosed according to the Pavord criteria. We compared the characteristics of CVST-VITT in women and men. Results: Of 133 patients with possible, probable, or definite CVST-VITT, 102 (77%) were women. Women were slightly younger [median age 42 (IQR 28–54) vs 45 (28–56)], presented more often with coma (26% vs 10%) and had a lower platelet count at presentation [median (IQR) 50x109/L (28–79) vs 68 (30–125)] than men. The nadir platelet count was lower in women [median (IQR) 34 (19–62) vs 53 (20–92)]. More women received endovascular treatment than men (15% vs 6%). Rates of treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins were similar (63% vs 66%), as were new venous thromboembolic events (14% vs 14%) and major bleeding complications (30% vs 20%). Rates of good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale 0-2, 42% vs 45%) and in-hospital death (39% vs 41%) did not differ. Discussion and conclusions: Three quarters of CVST-VITT patients in this study were women. Women were more severely affected at presentation, but clinical course and outcome did not differ between women and men. VITT-specific treatments were overall similar, but more women received endovascular treatment.</p