The Mu2e Crystal Calorimeter: An Overview

The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab will search for the standard model-forbidden, charged lepton flavour-violating conversion of a negative muon into an electron in the field of an aluminium nucleus. The distinctive signal signature is represented by a mono-energetic electron with an energy near the muon's rest mass. The experiment aims to improve the current single-event sensitivity by four orders of magnitude by means of a high-intensity pulsed muon beam and a high-precision tracking system. The electromagnetic calorimeter complements the tracker by providing high rejection power in muon to electron identification and a seed for track reconstruction while working in vacuum in presence of a 1 T axial magnetic field and in a harsh radiation environment. For 100 MeV electrons, the calorimeter should achieve: (a) a time resolution better than 0.5 ns, (b) an energy resolution <10%, and (c) a position resolution of 1 cm. The calorimeter design consists of two disks, each loaded with 674 undoped CsI crystals read out by two large-area arrays of UV-extended SiPMs and custom analogue and digital electronics. We describe here the status of construction for all calorimeter components and the performance measurements conducted on the large-sized prototype with electron beams and minimum ionizing particles at a cosmic ray test stand. A discussion of the calorimeter's engineering aspects and the on-going assembly is also reported

Mu2e Crystal Calorimeter Readout Electronics: Design and Characterisation

The Mu2e experiment at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory will search for the charged-lepton flavour-violating neutrinoless conversion of negative muons into electrons in the Coulomb field of an Al nucleus. The conversion electron with a monoenergetic 104.967 MeV signature will be identified by a complementary measurement carried out by a high-resolution tracker and an electromagnetic calorimeter, improving by four orders of magnitude the current single-event sensitivity. The calorimeter—composed of 1348 pure CsI crystals arranged in two annular disks—has a high granularity, 10% energy resolution and 500 ps timing resolution for 100 MeV electrons. The readout, based on large-area UV-extended SiPMs, features a fully custom readout chain, from the analogue front-end electronics to the digitisation boards. The readout electronics design was validated for operation in vacuum and under magnetic fields. An extensive radiation hardness certification campaign certified the FEE design for doses up to 100 krad and 1012 n1MeVeq/cm2 and for single-event effects. A final vertical slice test on the final readout chain was carried out with cosmic rays on a large-scale calorimeter prototype

A New Charged Lepton Flavor Violation Program at Fermilab

The muon has played a central role in establishing the Standard Model of particle physics, and continues to provide valuable information about the nature of new physics. A new complex at Fermilab, the Advanced Muon Facility, would provide the world's most intense positive and negative muon beams by exploiting the full potential of PIP-II and the Booster upgrade. This facility would enable a broad muon physics program, including studies of charged lepton flavor violation, muonium-antimuonium transitions, a storage ring muon EDM experiment, and muon spin rotation experiments. This document describes a staged realization of this complex, together with a series of next-generation experiments to search for charged lepton flavor violation.Comment: A Contributed Paper for Snowmass 202

Study of gamma-rays flux with AMS-02

This thesis is focused on the measurement of the $\gamma$-rays flux in cosmic rays from 2 GeV up to 300 GeV with the \emph{Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer} (AMS-02) experiment

Study of the calorimetric detection of the muon to electron conversion in the Mu2e experiment

The Mu2e experiment will search for Charged Lepton Flavor Violation (CLFV), looking at the coherent conversion of a muon into an electron in the field of an aluminum nucleus. The knowledge of such a CLFV reaction allows to indirectly probe new physics at energy scales up to thousands of TeV, inaccessible with direct searches at either present or planned high energy colliders. For this reason, Mu2e will measure the muon-to-electron conversion rate R_{\mu e} with an unprecedented accuracy, so to improve of a factor 10^4 the best current measurement and, in case of no observation, to constrain its value below 6 x 10^-17 at 90% of CL. To reach this ambitious sensitivity, about 10^18 muonic atom decays have to be observed: Mu2e is expected to use an intense pulsed muon beam, and rely on a detector system composed of a straw tube tracker and an electromagnetic calorimeter. The calorimeter is composed of 1348 un-doped CsI crystals, each coupled to two large area Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs). It plays a central role in the Mu2e measurement, providing particle identification capabilities that are necessary to reject the cosmic muons and antiprotons induced background. Moreover, the calorimeter has to help the tracker providing a seed for the pattern recognition and to provide a fast independ trigger. Having these experimental requests as pivotal reference, a set of Quality Assurance (QA) criteria for the calorimeter active components have been defined. Following the corresponding QA procedures, a first batch of crystals and photosensors has been characterized and used to assemble a medium scale prototype of the calorimeter (Module-0). The Module-0 has been studied by means of a 100 MeV electron beam, confirming that expected calorimeter performances well satisfy the Mu2e requirements

Rigenerazione urbana e neutralità climatica: un’esperienza di progettazione per il quartiere Navile a Bologna

Approximately 60% of the world’s population lives in cities, which play a crucial role in achieving global sustainable development goals. This study proposes a methodology for assessing climate neutrality and applying the proposed method to the Navile district in the city of Bologna. This work raised from the fact that the city of Bologna has been selected, within the framework of a European Commission call for proposals, among the 100 cities that aim to become climate neutral by 2030. The methodology presented builds upon the ecosystem services framework, considering climate regulation service as an indicator of climate neutrality, and analyzing supply and demand for CO2 emissions and sequestration. The CO2 demand analysis considers emissions from buildings, transport and mobility, industrial processes, public lighting and waste, while the storage assessment considers the absorption capacity of the green infrastructure in the area. From the emissions and storage assessment, the current CO2 balance of the area was then obtained, as basis for identifying possible design solutions aimed at reducing emissions and increasing storage, proposing actions that could be resilient over time.irca il 60% della popolazione mondiale vive in città, le quali hanno un ruolo cruciale nel raggiungimento degli obiettivi globali di sviluppo sostenibile, nella lotta ai cambiamenti climatici e nella transizione energetica.In questo contesto, questo contributo propone una metodologia di valutazione della neutralità climatica, applicando il metodo proposto al quartiere Navile nella città di Bologna. Lo nasce dal fatto che la città di Bologna è stata selezionata, all’interno di un bando della Commissione Europea, tra le 100 città che si propongono di diventare neutrali entro il 2030. La metodologia presentata è stata costruita a partire dal framework dei servizi ecosistemici, considerando come indicatore di neutralità climatica il servizio di regolazione climatica, ed analizzando domanda ed offerta di emissioni e stoccaggio di CO2. L’analisi della domanda di CO2 considera le emissioni prodotte dagli edifici, dai trasporti e la mobilità, i processi industriali, l’illuminazione pubblica e i rifiuti, mentre la valutazione dello stoccaggio considera la capacità di assorbimento dell’infrastruttura verde presente nell’area. Dalla valutazione di emissioni e stoccaggio è stato quindi ottenuto l’attuale bilancio di CO2 dell’area, a partire dal quale sono state identificate possibili soluzioni progettuali che vanno a mirare ad una riduzione delle emissioni e ad un aumento dello stoccaggio, proponendo azioni che potessero essere resilienti nel tempo

Rigenerazione urbana e neutralità climatica: un’esperienza di progettazione per il quartiere Navile a Bologna

Approximately 60% of the world’s population lives in cities, which play a crucial role in achieving global s stainable development goals. This study proposes a methodology for assessing climate neutrality and applying the proposed method to the Navile district in the city of Bologna. This work raised from the fact that the city of Bologna has been selected, within the framework of a European Commission call for proposals, among the 100 cities that aim to become climate neutral by 2030. The methodology presented builds upon the ecosystem services framework, considering climate regulation service as an indicator of climate neutrality, and analyzing supply and demand for CO2 emissions and sequestration. The CO2 demand analysis considers emissions from buildings, transport and mobility, industrial processes, public lighting and waste, while the storage assessment considers the absorption capacity of the green infrastructure in the area. From the emissions and storage assessment, the current CO2 balance of the area was then obtained, as basis for identifying possible design solutions aimed at reducing emissions and increasing storage, proposing actions that could be resilient

Rigenerazione urbana e neutralità climatica: un’esperienza di progettazione per il quartiere Navile a Bologna

According to the goals of the European Green Deal, Member States are preparing strategies to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. Currently, around 60% of the world’s population lives in cities, which have a crucial role in reaching global sustainable development goals, combating climate change, and fostering energy transition. This study, developed within the course of Urban Planning, at the School of Engineering and Architecture of the University of Bologna, aims to reach climate neutrality, by achieving a balance of CO2 storage, in the district of Navile in Bologna, which has been recently selected as one of 100 neutral cities by 2030. The CO2 demand analysis consisted of an estimation of building emissions, taking the remainders from percentages supplied by PAESC (Bologna’s plan for climate and sustainable energy). Starting from the current CO2 balance of the area, design solutions were calibrated to potential future scenarios, proposing actions which could be resilient over time. Design solutions focus mostly on reducing emissions and increasing storage, through the implementation of existing green and blue infrastructure and the use of NBS