Revisión bibliográfica: actualización en claves obstétricas, Ecuador

Las emergencias obstétricas son uno de los principales motivos de consulta de la paciente en estado de gestación y que pone en riesgo no solamente la vida de la madre sino también del producto. suponen un importante gasto e inversión en salud pública ya que en muchas ocasiones se requieren equipos multidisciplinarios, fármacos, métodos diagnósticos para lograr su monitorización y tratamiento adecuado. Las claves obstétricas o los protocolos implementados para combatir las patologías más comunes y frecuentes que afectan a la mujer en estado de gestación han venido obteniendo como resultados una disminución en la mortalidad materno fetal. En este artículo de revisión vamos a resumir lo que han señalado las principales sociedades científicas en torno a este particular

Reducing Maple Sap Spoilage

Maple sap is a perishable product that will spoil when stored improperly or for extended periods of time. As it exits the tree, it is contaminated with bacteria, yeast, and molds, which can spoil the sap by consuming its resources (e.g. sugars) or by releasing byproducts (e.g. enzymes, acids, aromas) resulting in color, texture, flavor and odor changes in the sap. Flavors and textures developed in spoiled sap can persist in maple syrup and other value-added products; proper care of maple sap is essential to produce quality products.Funding for project was made possible by a grant agreement from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Marketing Service. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the USDA

Maple Hazelnut Spread

Maple and chocolate maple hazelnut spread recipes were developed using maple sugar and hazelnuts as the primary ingredients. The recipes were designed with ingredients known for their antioxidant, mineral, vitamin, and protein contents. Final recipes were evaluated for overall liking, maple flavor, hazelnut flavor, sweetness, creaminess, and thickness. Both the maple hazelnut and chocolate maple hazelnut spread were liked by 90 and 95% of consumers, respectively. An overview of ingredients, recipes, regulation requirements for commercial production, packaging information, pricing information, and consumer perceptions are presented in the article.Funding for Project or Publication was made possible by a grant agreement from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Marketing Service. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the USDA

Mold in Maple Syrup

Mold is a serious concern in maple syrup production. Any attempt to sell maple syrup contaminated with mold is prohibited in the U.S. Fortunately, mold growth can be prevented through proper production and packaging practices.Funding for Project was made possible by a grant agreement from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Marketing Service. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the USD

Bottled Maple Sap

Producing maple syrup (66.0 to 68.9 °Brix) from maple sap with approximately 2 °Brix requires extensive energy and labor. A lower input option is to market maple sap as a commercial beverage for consumers. On average, about 44 gallons of sap are required to produce one gallon of maple syrup. One gallon of syrup has a gross value of about $120 if sold in 16 oz retail containers. If instead of being processed into syrup, the maple sap was processed into 16 oz bottles of drinkable sap sold at$3 each, $1,056 of revenue could be generated from the same 44 gallons of sap; this represents a 780% increase in sales revenue. Maple sap is harvested in eastern North America during thawing temperatures from January to April each year. For maple syrup production, sap is typically processed into syrup soon after harvest as sap is a perishable product susceptible to bacteria, yeast, and mold contamination across the season. To preserve maple sap quality, care must be taken to ensure it has not spoiled or interacted with any potential contaminants, including lead and sanitizer residues. Once maple sap is harvested, it can be processed and packaged using multiple techniques, each of which ensure the product maintains quality and safety for consumers. This article reviews the benefits of maple sap as a bottled beverage while covering preservation and packaging methods, regulatory guidelines, and overview of commercial production procedures.Funding for project was made possible by a grant agreement from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Marketing Service. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the USDA

Uso del ladrillo reciclado triturado como sustituto del agregado fino en diseño de hormigón de 21 MPa

One of the main problems in the construction industry is the solid waste that comes from the demolition of old buildings and that is not disposed of technically. To provide a solution, for reusing this waste, it is important to have technical studies that support the use of recycled crushed bricks as a substitute for fine aggregate and to be able to determine its viability and resistance. This study aims to analyze the use of crushed recycled brick as a substitute for fine aggregate in a 21 MPa design, per INEN and ACI 318 standards. The methodology used is of a mixed nature, being both descriptive and experimental. For this purpose, fine and coarse aggregates from two quarries located in different provinces of Ecuador were used. The fine aggregate was substituted in percentages of 15, 20, 25 and 30%, with the elaboration of 5 mix designs, being the initial mix the standard one, and a constant water/cement ratio of 0.55; in addition, a super plasticizing additive was used. Thirty-five concrete cylinders of 100 x 200 mm were made, which were subjected to compressive strength and it was possible to determine which percentage was the most optimal. With this, it was possible to demonstrate that a concrete composed of crushed recycled bricks, substituting up to 25% of the fine aggregate, is resistant and workable. Keywords: Crushed bricks, compression resistance, aggregates, workability, mix design.Uno de los principales problemas que se presentan en la industria de la construcción, son los desechos sólidos que provienen de la demolición de antiguas edificaciones y que no son desechados de una manera técnica. Con la finalidad de dar una solución, reutilizando estos desechos, es importante contar con estudios técnicos, que sustenten la utilización de ladrillos reciclados triturados como sustituto al agregado fino, y poder determinar su viabilidad y resistencia. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el uso del ladrillo reciclado triturado como sustituto del agregado fino en un diseño de 21 MPa, conforme a las normativas INEN y ACI 318. La metodología empleada es de carácter mixto, siendo tanto descriptiva como experimental. Para lo cual se utilizaron agregados finos y gruesos de dos canteras ubicadas en diferentes provincias del Ecuador. La sustitución del agregado fino se la realizó en porcentajes de 15, 20, 25 y 30%, con la elaboración de 5 diseños de mezcla, siendo la mezcla inicial la estándar, y una relación agua/cemento constante de 0,55; además se utilizó un aditivo súper plastificante. Se elaboraron 35 cilindros de hormigón, de 100 x 200 mm, los cuales fueron sometidos a la resistencia a compresión y se pudo determinar cuál porcentaje fue el más óptimo. Con esto se pudo demostrar que un hormigón compuesto de ladrillos reciclado triturados, sustituyente hasta un 25% del agregado fino, es resistente y trabajable. Palabras clave: Ladrillos triturados, resistencia a compresión, agregados, trabajabilidad, diseño de mezclas. Abstract One of the main problems in the construction industry is the solid waste that comes from the demolition of old buildings and that is not disposed of technically. To provide a solution, for reusing this waste, it is important to have technical studies that support the use of recycled crushed bricks as a substitute for fine aggregate and to be able to determine its viability and resistance. This study aims to analyze the use of crushed recycled brick as a substitute for fine aggregate in a 21 MPa design, per INEN and ACI 318 standards. The methodology used is of a mixed nature, being both descriptive and experimental. For this purpose, fine and coarse aggregates from two quarries located in different provinces of Ecuador were used. The fine aggregate was substituted in percentages of 15, 20, 25 and 30%, with the elaboration of 5 mix designs, being the initial mix the standard one, and a constant water/cement ratio of 0.55; in addition, a super plasticizing additive was used. Thirty-five concrete cylinders of 100 x 200 mm were made, which were subjected to compressive strength and it was possible to determine which percentage was the most optimal. With this, it was possible to demonstrate that a concrete composed of crushed recycled bricks, substituting up to 25% of the fine aggregate, is resistant and workable. Keywords: Crushed bricks, compression resistance, aggregates, workability, mix design. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 02 de noviembre de 2023. Fecha de aceptación: 23 de diciembre de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2024