The Guide and the Lion and the Jewel: The Peace-Making Efforts of R. K. Narayan and Wole Soyinka

The paper will unveil how both R K Narayan and Wole Soyinka contributed much to establish peace in their respective countries through their literary works They have engaged themselves in a journey to protect traditionalism and the practices of their cultures from any kind of foreign intrusion Almost all their literary works bear the testimony to their peace-making efforts However amid them The Guide by R K Narayan and The Lion and the Jewel by Wole Soyinka make it clear that both writers have prioritized traditionalism over modernity This research discovers how the characters of the above-mentioned texts engage themselves in different deeds to find out the auspicious of traditionalism and the negative aspects of modernity and how they succeed in doing so At last the paper will bring out how both R K Narayan and Wole Soyinka have emerged as peace-makers through their literary contribution

Sultanas Dream The Eco-Feminist Vision of Freedom

This paper aims at conn ect ing the relationship between feminist fantasy and Eco - feminism One of the major traits that S ultana s Dream inc orporates is overwhelmingly simple and precise solution to phallocentric oppression Gendered reversal and scientific progress in this story have provided us with the aura of freedom envisioned by Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain Representing Sultana in this story which incubates the atmosphere where womanhood is fully observed in full rhythm in the lady land where the story is set is the embod iment of science and gendered exploration has given us a better view of harnessing the energy of nature The ge ndered structure reshaped recreated reversed and relocated by the author have left us with the interpretation of the role of power in the first plac

PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND THROMBOLYTIC PROPERTIES OF LEAVE EXTRACTS OF GARDENIA CORONARIA BUCH-HAM

Objective: The objective of this study was assessing the diverse pharmacological efficacies of methanolic extracts of the whole plant of Gardenia coronaria Buch-Ham This study illustrates the phytochemicals, antioxidants and thrombolytic activity which have the possibility to be used in the coming future to open a new line of investigation. The Gardenia coronaria, one of the necessary traditional medicinal plants in Bangladesh. In the rural area this plant is used by a lot of people as a treatment from various disease. Methods: Total sum of the flavonoids was spectrophotometrically ascertained with the help of aluminum chloride colorimetric assay as total phenolic and tannin content by Folin Chiocalteu’s reagent. Antioxidant activity, ascertained by DPPH (α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay giving some comparison between the resultant activity with the standard. The thombolytic activity was assessed based on the method of minor alterations. Results: The percentage of clot lysis was 87.58% when 100 μl of streptokinase (30,000 I.U.), and the methanolic extract displayed the least clot lysis activity (26.79%), much less compared to the standard. It can be elicited that the extract of Gardenia coronaria Buch-Ham contains antioxidant and thrombolytic activity. The potential of these activities probably because of the availability of most of the phytochemicals supporting previous claims and verify its uses as an expected folk medicine.                                        Peer Review History: Received 9 January 2020;   Revised 25 January; Accepted 4 March, Available online 15 March 20200 Academic Editor: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Princess Nourah bint abdulrahman university, Riyadh, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 4.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622,  Giza, Egypt, [email protected]  Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, [email protected] Similar Articles: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS OF LEAF, STEM-BARK AND ROOT OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA (NEEM) EXTRACTION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVEL POTENT MUCOADHESIVE BIO-MATERIAL OBTAINED FROM THE FRESH FRUITS PULP OF ACHRAS ZAPOTILL

The effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease; a narrative review

Worldwide, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a significant public health concern, especially since more than fifty percent of people with type 2 diabetes are affected by it. This pathological condition includes all states of fatty liver disease, from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to steatohepatitis (NASH). Prolonged evolutions can lead to cirrhosis and cancer, so treatment must be started early. Hepatic steatosis may be improved by sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2 inhibitors), which prevent glucose reabsorption in the proximal renal tubule and increase urinary excretion, thus lowering plasma glucose levels. Experimental studies in animal models have suggested that SGLT2 inhibitors may have beneficial modulatory effects on NAFLD and NASH, while numerous clinical trials have demonstrated their favorable effects on the liver enzymes, body mass index, blood lipids, blood glucose, and insulin resistance in NAFLD patients. This review highlights the state of knowledge regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis and pathogenetic pathways of MAFLD, focusing primarily on the effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitors as a promising drug class in the treatment of NAFLD

Investigation of Drug Distribution Process and Pharmacy Practices on Model Pharmacy in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

Objectives: In Bangladesh, Drug distribution process is very important cause of our increasing economic and development. In the recent days Model pharmacy has become an important theme of study for the student in pharmacy. In Bangladesh the introduction of the model pharmacy practice likes other skilled and semi-skilled health professionals will certainly improve primary health care system. The aim of the study was to develop a strategy to improve the overall services of model pharmacy in Bangladesh. Methodology: A total of 20 model pharmacies were the study subject. The study cover the model pharmacy located in Dhaka city, where each pharmacy was accounted through a questioner on random basis. The form includes their facilities, management system, drug distribution process and counseling system. Results: Study showed that, out of 20 Pharmacists, 95% of them used Software tools for their drug dispensing system. There was a helpline system for individual, online order within a short time of delivery system, discount system and membership card. The most important significant factors are counseling by “A grade” pharmacists, patient database system, affordable price and quality of medicine. Conclusions: If we improve those model pharmacies and if the aim is successful, then it will be spread across Bangladesh and model pharmacy will be established gradually with digitalization. Keyword: Model pharmacy, Bangladesh, Dhaka city, Pharmacist, Drug distribution proces

In Vivo Antidiarrheal and Cytotoxic Potential of Different Fractions of Pandanus Foetidus Leaves

Abstract This study investigated the antidiarrheal and cytotoxic effects of methanol, petroleum ether, chloroform and aqueous fractions of Pandanus foetidus leaf extract. Antidiarrheal effect was measured in castor oil induced-diarrhea, -enteropooling and -gastrointestinal motility (GI) test models in albino mice. Cytotoxicity was investigated in brine shrimp lethality bioassay. All data were analyzed by the software, statistical package for social science (SPSS), Version 18.0. The extracts (200 mg/kg) showed a remarkable antidiarrheal activity by reducing the number of defecation and maintaining the consistency of feces. The petroleum ether, chloroform and aqueous fraction of the extract significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the diarrheal incidence at the dose of 200 mg/kg. Castor oil induced enteropooling and fluid accumulation was significantly reduced by methanol and chloroform fraction, whereas gastrointestinal motility was shrunk by the aqueous fraction only. Loperamide was used as a reference drug in the above mentioned models. In cytotoxicity test, the lowest LC 50 was found to be 106.97 μg/ml by the chloroform fraction of the extract. The results demonstrated that Pandanus foetidus extract could be used as pharmaceutical preparation of antidiarrheal and cytotoxic agent obtained from appropriate solvent system

A Comparative Study of Analgesic, Antidiarrhoeal and Antimicrobial Activities of Methanol and Acetone Extracts of Fruits Peels of Limonia acidissima L. (Rutaceae)

Objectives: Present study was designed to evaluate Analgesic, Antidiarrhoeal and Antimicrobial activities of methanol and acetone extracts of fruit peels of Limonia acidissima L. by different methods. Method: The analgesic activity of the samples was studied using acetic acid- induced writhing model in mice. Castor oil-induced antidiarrheal activity was observed by Thomas method and antimicrobial activity was monitored by disc diffusion method. Results: Limonia acidissima L. inhibited 60.53 % and 59.65 % writhing of methanol as well as acetone fruit peels extracts, respectively, compared to standard drug Diclofenac Na inhibited 78.07 % writhing. At higher dose (500 mg/kg) of the methanol and acetone fruit peels extracts, significant inhibition 47.13 and 44.83 % of characteristic diarrhoeal feces was observed, respectively, as well as at lower dose (250 mg/kg) of the both extracts, inhibition 34.45 and35.63 %. Mention able on average 12mm zone of inhibition was observed of both extract at 250µg/disc and 500µg/disc compare to zone of inhibition 36mm of ciprofloxacin at 50µg/disc. Conclusion: From the above results, it will be very much possible source for an isolating lead compound for curing the numerous disorders. Keywords: Limonia acidissima L. Fruit peels, Diclofenac sodium, Loperamide, Ciprofloxacin

Exploring the nutritional and health benefits of pulses from the Indian Himalayan region: A glimpse into the region’s rich agricultural heritage

Pulses have been consumed worldwide for over 10 centuries and are currently among the most widely used foods. They are not economically important, but also nutritionally beneficial as they constitute a good source of protein, fibre, vitamins and minerals such as iron, zinc, folate and magnesium. Pulses, but particularly species such as Macrotyloma uniflorum, Phaseolus vulgaris L., Glycine max L. and Vigna umbellate, are essential ingredients of the local diet in the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). Consuming pulses can have a favourable effect on cardiovascular health as they improve serum lipid profiles, reduce blood pressure, decrease platelet activity, regulate blood glucose and insulin levels, and reduce inflammation. Although pulses also contain anti-nutritional compounds such as phytates, lectins or enzyme inhibitors, their deleterious effects can be lessened by using effective processing and cooking methods. Despite their great potential, however, the use of some pulses is confined to IHR regions. This comprehensive review discusses the state of the art in available knowledge about various types of pulses grown in IHR in terms of chemical and nutritional properties, health effects, accessibility, and agricultural productivity.Universidade de Vigo/CISU

Pharmacological Evaluation of Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn Fruits for Central Nervous System Depressant Activity

El objetivo de este estudio fue la investigación de las actividades ansiolíticas y sedantes de los extractos clorofórmicos y metabólicos de los frutos de Antidesma ghaesembilla a las dosis de 400 mg/kg pp utilizando modelos de comportamiento de roedores, tales como el tiempo de sueño inducido por tiopental sódico, el método de “hole cross” (cruce de un agujero) y el campo abierto para evaluar sedación, y la actividad ansiolítica fue evaluada utilizando el método del laberinto elevado (elevated plus maze, EPM). En el caso del sueño inducido por tiopental sódico, ambos extractos exhibieron una supresión dosis dependiente de la actividad motora, de la actividad exploratoria (en el método de campo abierto y “hole cross”) y prolongación del tiempo de inducción de sueño inducido por tiopental en ratones, con efectos máximos mostrados para el extracto metabólico. En el ensayo de EPM, el extracto metabólico aumentó significativamente el tiempo de exploración y el tiempo consumido en el laberinto de una manera similar al diazepam, pero el extracto clorofórmico se encontró que produjo solo una moderada actividad. Estos resultados significativos pueden justificar una base científica para el uso de plantas en medicina tradicional para tratar la ansiedad y desórdenes relacionados

Targeted Surface Doping with Reversible Local Environment Improves Oxygen Stability at the Electrochemical Interfaces of Nickel-Rich Cathode Materials.

Elemental doping represents a prominent strategy to improve interfacial chemistry in battery materials. Manipulating the dopant spatial distribution and understanding the dynamic evolution of the dopants at the atomic scale can inform better design of the doping chemistry for batteries. In this work, we create a targeted hierarchical distribution of Ti4+, a popular doping element for oxide cathode materials, in LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 primary particles. We apply multiscale synchrotron/electron spectroscopy and imaging techniques as well as theoretical calculations to investigate the dynamic evolution of the doping chemical environment. The Ti4+ dopant is fully incorporated into the TMO6 octahedral coordination and is targeted to be enriched at the surface. Ti4+ in the TMO6 octahedral coordination increases the TM-O bond length and reduces the covalency between (Ni, Mn, Co) and O. The excellent reversibility of Ti4+ chemical environment gives rise to superior oxygen reversibility at the cathode-electrolyte interphase and in the bulk particles, leading to improved stability in capacity, energy, and voltage. Our work directly probes the chemical environment of doping elements and helps rationalize the doping strategy for high-voltage layered cathodes