A study on the factors affecting job satisfaction amongst employees in construction industry workplace (Case Study Saudi Arabia)

This study examines the factors that effect on job satisfaction among employee’s in construction industry in Saudi Arabia. The aims of this study also to identify the relationship between factors of job satisfaction and job/employees performance in construction project. The factors of job satisfaction that examine in this study were salary and compensation, working conditions and workplaces safety, equipment or materials are used, safety condition of the work and attitude toward each other in construction industry, administration and supervision, the expertise of supervisors, the support from supervisors and supervisors‟ communication skills, environment and communication, work and achievement, responsibility, recognition and feedback, the timing of feedback and the chance to be recognised when you done well and lastly the advancement. Employees in construction industry or in any organizations need to be motivated to facilitate their input towards the attainment of their organizational goals. Therefore, to fulfil the gap of previous researchers, the questionnaire of this study asked employees to give their suggestion as well to improve their satisfaction of work. In this research out of 265 surveys were distributed, 117 viable questionnaires were returned. Quantitative method is used in this study and the collected data was analysed by the use of SPSS 20 software with the method of analysed that being used in this research are crosstabs, frequency, percentages, mean and rank. The findings form the study show that Construction Company should pay attention to their employee’s needs and wants to motivate them in order to increase their level of job satisfaction. The concentrates for improvement job satisfaction must focus on the important factors were suggested by responses in this survey

Tax Burden on Rubber, Coconut and Pineapple Smallholders in Johore 1

The study examines whether taxes levied on rubber, coconut, and pineapple smallholders in 1975 are a major cause for smallholder low income. ' Results of the study show that tax burden on the smallholder is substantial, particularly that on rubber smallholders. The average rubber smallholder pays about one-fourth to onethird of his income in taxes. However, the scope for incrfasing income through changes in the tax structure is limited. Such changes should be coupled with programmes aimed at increasing farm productivity and size of holding

In Vitro Studies on the Virulence of Spodoptera Litura Baculovirus

Baculoviruses have been used as biopesticides against economic pests in agriculture, forestry and landscapes. In vitro production of baculoviruses has often been considered especially because of the ease of large-scale propagation. In this study, in vitro production was investigated by the infectivity of two genera of baculoviruses, Nucleopolyhedrosis virus (NPV) and Granulovirus (GV) to cultured lepidopteran cells. Production of baculoviruses depends on the ability of these cells to replicate in an optimal condition. Spodoptera litura baculovirus isolated locally was investigated for its virulence to two cell lines by inoculating with both forms of the virus, occlusion-body derived virions (PDV) and budded virus (BV), from SpltNPV and SpltGV. Efforts to develop cell cultures from the local Spodoptera litura for use in replicating these local baculoviruses was, however, unsuccessful due to cell deterioration or microbial contamination. A cell line from Spodoptera Jrugiperda (S£9) was susceptible to budded virus obtained directly from the insect, but not to viral progeny. While these results suggest Sf9 cells have potential for replicating these baculoviruses, the Spodoptera litura cell line, TUAT -Spli-221 appeared not to be susceptible

Accuracy, and the prediction of ground vibration from underground railways

This paper demonstrates the capability of a new – and freely-available – PiP software for calculating vibration from railway tunnels. PiP is used to examine the sources of uncertainly in models used to predict vibration from underground railways. By varying slightly the parameters of the model, consistent with uncertainties in measured data, the vibration levels predicted by the model vary significantly, often by 10dB or more. This error is hard to predict so it cannot be good practice to rely on prediction models for accuracy better than 10dB. The presentation will demonstrate the PiP model in real time