Pathogenesis of Haemorrhagic Septicaemia in Organ Culture, Mice and Calves

Experimental intraperitoneal infection of mice with Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2 at the dose of 107cells caused death in all infected mice between 18 to 24 hours. Microscopy showed suppurative tracheitis. The alveoli lumina were infiltrated with numerous inflammatory cells mainly neutrophils. Pink-stained fibrin and red blood cells were also present in the alveoli lumina. Blue shade of bacterial colonies were observed in the alveolar space and pulmonary vessels. In the aorta, there was degeneration of the endothelium, disruption of the intima and focal myolytic changes in the smooth muscle. In infected mice, scanning electron microcopy (SEM) showed cilial damage and deciliation of tracheal epithelial cells. In the lung extravasation of red blood cells in the alveolar lumina was observed. Rod-shaped bacteria were seen attached to the alveolar wall causing depression on the surfaces of the cells. Changes in the aortas were characterized by rounded endothelial cells. Some rounded endothelial cells were seen about to detach and expelled into the blood vessel lumen. Bacteria were most evident at the intercellular junction of the endothelial cells that were beginning to slough. In infected mice, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the trachea showed bacterial cells attached to deformed cilia. Necrotic and apoptotic endothelial cells were seen protruded into the lumen of the affected blood vessel. Several bacteria were attached to the plasma membrane of the endothelial cells and in the blood vessel lumen. Endothelial cells showed electron dense cytoplasmic extensions around the bacteria and as attaching and effacing lesions which were interpreted as the first steps in the phagocytosis process. In the lung, there was thickening of the alveolar septa. Bacteria were seen dividing inside the neutrophils and in the lumen of the blood vessels. Some bacteria were also seen in vacuolated macrophages. Endothelial cells showed apoptosis. Fibrin was present in the alveolar lumina. In the aorta, endothelial cells were fragmented and detached from the basement membranes. Bacteria were attached to the fragmented endothelium. Calves inoculated intranasally with 3.0 x1010 P. multocida serotype B:2 following stressed with dexamethasone developed septicaemia and fibrinous pleuropneumonia. All infected calves died between 24 to 48 hours. Thrombi were observed in the nasal cavity and lung. It is therefore believed that the P. multocida had gained entry into the blood vessel of the nasal cavity and / or lung to various organs causing septicaemia. This is validated by the isolation of pure growth of P. multocida from various congested organs following intranasal infection

Characterization and biological activity studies on some transition metal complexes of thiosemicarbazide derived from 2-picolinic acid hydrazide

Mixed-ligand bivalent transition metal ion complexes with N-ethyl-2-picolinoyl hydrazinecarbothioamide (EPHC) and 1,10-phenanthroline (1,10-phen) have been synthesized. The complexes namely [Cu(EPHC)(1,10-phen)(Cl)H2O] (1), [Ni(EPHC)(1,10-phen)(Cl)H2O] (2), [Mn(EPHC)(1,10-phen)(Cl)H2O] (3) and [Co(EPHC)(1,10-phen)(Cl)H2O] (4) were characterized by elemental analysis, spectral (IR, 1H NMR and UV-Vis) and magnetic moment measurements. The magnetic and spectral data indicates octahedral structure for all complexes. Metal complexes have been modeled using parameterized PM3 semi-empirical method. The free ligand and its M(II)-chelates have been screened for their antimicrobial activities. The antibacterial screening demonstrated that, the Cu(II) complex have the maximum and broad activities among the investigated complexes

Evaluation And Adjustment Of The 2008 Census Data

No Worldcat record availabl

Common computed tomography artifact: source and avoidance

Abstract Background Artifacts have significantly degraded the quality of computed tomography (CT) images, to the extent of making them unusable for diagnosis. The types of artifact that could be used are as follows: (a) streaking, which is commonly due to a discrepancy in a single measurement, (b) shading, which is due to a group of channels deviating gradually from the true measurement, (c) rings, which are due to errors in individual detector calibration and (d) distortion, which is due to helical reconstruction. It is occasionally possible to avoid scanning of a bony area, by means of changing the postion of the patient. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the common artifacts that affect image quality and the method of correction to improve image quality. Results The data were collected by distributing a questionnaire to the CT technologist at different hospitals about the most common type of artifacts in the CT images, source of artifacts and methods of correction. A total of 95 CT technologists responded to the questionnaire, which included 67% males and 33% females. Most of the participants (70%) were experienced CT technologists, and 61% of the participants had not done any subspecialty CT scan courses. The most common artifact used in the CT departments was motion artifact in brain CT (73%), and the best method to reduce motion artifact was patient preparation (87%). Conclusions The most common shown artifact in this study was motion artifact, and the common cause was the patient-based artifact. It is important to understand why objects occur and how they could be prevented or suppressed to improve image quality. </jats:sec

Common computed tomography artifact: source and avoidance

Abstract Background Artifacts have significantly degraded the quality of computed tomography (CT) images, to the extent of making them unusable for diagnosis. The types of artifact that could be used are as follows: (a) streaking, which is commonly due to a discrepancy in a single measurement, (b) shading, which is due to a group of channels deviating gradually from the true measurement, (c) rings, which are due to errors in individual detector calibration and (d) distortion, which is due to helical reconstruction. It is occasionally possible to avoid scanning of a bony area, by means of changing the postion of the patient. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the common artifacts that affect image quality and the method of correction to improve image quality. Results The data were collected by distributing a questionnaire to the CT technologist at different hospitals about the most common type of artifacts in the CT images, source of artifacts and methods of correction. A total of 95 CT technologists responded to the questionnaire, which included 67% males and 33% females. Most of the participants (70%) were experienced CT technologists, and 61% of the participants had not done any subspecialty CT scan courses. The most common artifact used in the CT departments was motion artifact in brain CT (73%), and the best method to reduce motion artifact was patient preparation (87%). Conclusions The most common shown artifact in this study was motion artifact, and the common cause was the patient-based artifact. It is important to understand why objects occur and how they could be prevented or suppressed to improve image quality

Epitope-Based Peptide Vaccine Design against Fructose Bisphosphate Aldolase of Candida glabrata: An Immunoinformatics Approach

Background. Candida glabrata is a human opportunistic pathogen that can cause life-threatening systemic infections. Although there are multiple effective vaccines against fungal infections and some of these vaccines are engaged in different stages of clinical trials, none of them have yet been approved by the FDA. Aim. Using immunoinformatics approach to predict the most conserved and immunogenic B- and T-cell epitopes from the fructose bisphosphate aldolase (Fba1) protein of C. glabrata. Material and Method. 13 C. glabrata fructose bisphosphate aldolase protein sequences (361 amino acids) were retrieved from NCBI and presented in several tools on the IEDB server for prediction of the most promising epitopes. Homology modeling and molecular docking were performed. Result. The promising B-cell epitopes were AYFKEH, VDKESLYTK, and HVDKESLYTK, while the promising peptides which have high affinity to MHC I binding were AVHEALAPI, KYFKRMAAM, QTSNGGAAY, RMAAMNQWL, and YFKEHGEPL. Two peptides, LFSSHMLDL and YIRSIAPAY, were noted to have the highest affinity to MHC class II that interact with 9 alleles. The molecular docking revealed that the epitopes QTSNGGAAY and LFSSHMLDL have the lowest binding energy to MHC molecules. Conclusion. The epitope-based vaccines predicted by using immunoinformatics tools have remarkable advantages over the conventional vaccines in that they are more specific, less time consuming, safe, less allergic, and more antigenic. Further in vivo and in vitro experiments are needed to prove the effectiveness of the best candidate’s epitopes (QTSNGGAAY and LFSSHMLDL). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that has predicted B- and T-cell epitopes from the Fba1 protein by using in silico tools in order to design an effective epitope-based vaccine against C. glabrata.</jats:p

Epitope-Based Peptide Vaccine Design against Fructose Bisphosphate Aldolase of Candida glabrata: An Immunoinformatics Approach

Background. Candida glabrata is a human opportunistic pathogen that can cause life-threatening systemic infections. Although there are multiple effective vaccines against fungal infections and some of these vaccines are engaged in different stages of clinical trials, none of them have yet been approved by the FDA. Aim. Using immunoinformatics approach to predict the most conserved and immunogenic B- and T-cell epitopes from the fructose bisphosphate aldolase (Fba1) protein of C. glabrata. Material and Method. 13 C. glabrata fructose bisphosphate aldolase protein sequences (361 amino acids) were retrieved from NCBI and presented in several tools on the IEDB server for prediction of the most promising epitopes. Homology modeling and molecular docking were performed. Result. The promising B-cell epitopes were AYFKEH, VDKESLYTK, and HVDKESLYTK, while the promising peptides which have high affinity to MHC I binding were AVHEALAPI, KYFKRMAAM, QTSNGGAAY, RMAAMNQWL, and YFKEHGEPL. Two peptides, LFSSHMLDL and YIRSIAPAY, were noted to have the highest affinity to MHC class II that interact with 9 alleles. The molecular docking revealed that the epitopes QTSNGGAAY and LFSSHMLDL have the lowest binding energy to MHC molecules. Conclusion. The epitope-based vaccines predicted by using immunoinformatics tools have remarkable advantages over the conventional vaccines in that they are more specific, less time consuming, safe, less allergic, and more antigenic. Further in vivo and in vitro experiments are needed to prove the effectiveness of the best candidate’s epitopes (QTSNGGAAY and LFSSHMLDL). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that has predicted B- and T-cell epitopes from the Fba1 protein by using in silico tools in order to design an effective epitope-based vaccine against C. glabrata

Epitope-Based Peptide Vaccine Design Against Fructose Bisphosphate Aldolase of Candida Glabrata: An Immunomics Approach

AbstractBackgroundCandida glabrata is a human opportunistic pathogen that can cause life-threatening systemic infections. Although, there are multiple effective vaccines against fungal infections, and some of these vaccines were engaged in different stages of clinical trials, none of them yet approved by (FDA).AimTo predict the most conserved and immunogenic B- and T-cell epitopes from the Fructose Bisphosphate aldolase (Fba1) protein of C. glabrata.Materials and Methods13 C. glabrata Fructose bisphosphate aldolase protein sequences (361amino acid) were retrieved from NCBI and several in silico tools presented in the IEDB server for predicting peptides were used and homology modeling and molecular docking were performed.ResultThe promising B-cell Epitopes were AYFKPH, VDKESLYTK, and HVDKESLYTK. While, promising peptides which have the high affinity to MHC I binding were: AVHEALAPI, KYFKRMAAM, QTSNGGAAY, RMAAMNQWL and YFKEHGEPL. Two peptides (LFSSHMLDL and YIRSIAPAY) were noted to have the highest affinity to MHC class II that interact with 9 MHC class II alleles. The molecular Docking revealed the epitopes QTSNGGAAY and LFSSHMLDL have the high binding energy to MHC moleculesConclusionThe epitope-based vaccines predicted by using immunoinformatics tools have remarkable advantages over the conventional vaccines that they are more specific, less time consuming, safe, less allergic and more antigenic. Further in vivo and in vitro experiments are needed to prove the effectiveness of the best candidates epitopes (QTSNGGAAY and LFSSHMLDL). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that has predicted B- and T-cells epitopes from Fba1 protein by using in silico tools in order to design an effective epitope-based vaccine against C. galabrata.</jats:sec

Real-World Evaluation of Demographics, Treatment Pattern, and Economic Burden of Heart Failure and Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patient Population in Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Aims: The current study evaluated the demographics, clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and economic burden of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with comorbidities (heart failure [HF], chronic kidney disease [CKD], and cardiovascular disease [CVD] without HF) in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods: This observational, retrospective study collected data from January 01, 2014, to December 31, 2019, from the Dubai Real-World Claims Database (adults ≥18 years; at least 1 T2DM diagnosis claim). Patients were stratified into 5 cohorts: T2DM alone (cohort 1), T2DM and CKD (cohort 2), T2DM and CVD without CKD and HF (cohort 3), T2DM and HF (cohort 4), and T2DM with HF and CKD (cohort 5). An evaluation of demographics and clinical characteristics during pre-index period, as well as treatment patterns, healthcare resource utilization, and costs during the post-index period was conducted. Results: The sample had 374,271 patients with T2DM (age 43–56 years; male [72–84%]). Patients in cohorts 4 and 5 had Deyo-Charlson Comorbidity Index scores of 4.4 and 5.8, respectively. General practitioners (GPs) routinely prescribed biguanides for patients in cohorts 1–4 (24–38%), and insulin to patients in cohort 5 (27.7%). Prescription rates of novel antihyperglycemic drugs, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1 RA), were very low (∼2–8%) even in cohorts with cardiovascular and renal comorbidities (cohorts 2–5). A similar observation was noted with prescribing rates (0.6–4.4%) of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) in cohorts 2–5. Endocrinologists preferred to prescribe GLP-1 RA and SGLT2i to T2DM patients with comorbidities. During the 5-year study period, median outpatient claims were the highest in cohort 5 (8.0 [range, 1.0–168.0]), followed by cohort 2 (5.5 [range, 1.0–52.0]). The median cost for inpatient claims was higher in cohort 5 (16,429 [range, 3,732–29,126] AED) compared to other cohorts. The median cost for drugs and procedures was highest in cohort 5 (4,525 [range, 38–31,546] AED and 2,297 [range, 56–105,074] AED, respectively). Conclusion: Continued and increased usage of drugs such as SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA with proven cardiorenal benefits could improve long-term outcomes and reduce associated healthcare costs in patients with T2DM and comorbidities in Dubai, UAE