The Relation between Social Security and General Health among Students of Kerman Medical University, Health School

Background: Social security is a feature of psychosocial science which is necessary for people in order to have a healthy life and continue their social relations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between social security and general health of students. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The sample included 284 students aged 18 to 45 years from the School of Public Health who voluntary participated in the study. In order to collect the data, Social Security and the General Health (GHQ-28) questionnaires were used. Descriptive analyses, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation coefficient, were performed to analyze the data. Results: There was a significant and direct relationship between social security and general health (r=0.231, p<0.001). Also there were significant associations between social security and, older age (P=0.002), male gender (P=0.002), more income (P=0.001), field of study (P=0.031), and type of residing home (P=0.022). Conclusion: Seems like social security is low in people with worse general health, younger age, women, and low income. More research is needed to determine the reason of less social security in students of specific fields. It is also proposed that more research be conducted on the probable factors related to social security. Keywords: Social Security, General Health, University Students, GH

The Factors Predicting Quality of Life in Elderly People in Kerman Using PRECEDE Model

Background: As life expectancy and the population of old people increases, quality of life in elderly people becomes more important. The aim of this study was to determine the factors predicting quality of life in elderly people using PRECEDE model. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. Data were collected using the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)–BREF questionnaire and another questionnaire including 67 questions according to the PRECEDE model components, which its reliability and validity were approved. Multi-stage random sampling method was used in two healthcare centers in Kerman and 80 elderly people were selected. Date were analyzed using linear regression and statistical indices via SPSS 15. Results: The mean age of participants was 67.7±7.1 years old, and most of them were female and married. The quality of life of elderly people was moderate. Among components of the PRECEDE model, knowledge (a component of predisposing factors) and enabling factors were the most significant factors predicting quality of life among the participants (R2 =0.46). Conclusion: According to the results, enabling factors and knowledge (a component of predisposing factors) were identified as the most important factors predicting quality of life. Therefore, more focus on these factors in educational programs for elderly people is recommended

The Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes and Factors Affecting it in a Health Care Center

Introduction: Since late diagnosis of diabetes or missing it during pregnancy can leave severe maternal and fetal complications, and on the other hand information on the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes in pregnancy in Iran is limited, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of gestational diabetes in Shahdad/ Kerman/ Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was performed on 160 post partum women who had prenatal care files in health care center of Shahdad city from 2014 to2015. Subjects were selected through census sampling and their information was extracted from their files. Data were analyzed through SPSS version 16 and using t-test, chi-square, Fisher's exact test and logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the studied women was 12.5 percent. Gestational diabetes showed significant relationships with history of stillbirth (P=0.04), family history of diabetes (P<0.0001) and body mass index (0.003). In studying pregnancy outcomes, no relationship was found between the type of delivery and GDM (P=0.6), but the weight was significantly higher in infants of diabetic mothers (P=0.01). Conclusion: The prevalence of gestational diabetes is high in the region of Shahdad/ Kerman and history of stillbirth has the highest correlation with GDM. Therefore, screening of gestational diabetes and its risk factors in this community seems necessary. Key¬words: Gestational diabetes, Prevalence, Risk factors, Pregnant women ¬Citation: Nazari Robati F, Khanjani N, Tabasi Nezhad N, Rezabeigi Davarani E, Mohseni M. The Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes and Factors Affecting it in a Health Care Center. Journal of Health Based Research 2016; 2(4): 307-317

Effective Factors on Oral Health-Promoting Behaviors among Elementary School Students Based on BASNEF Model

Effective Factors on Oral Health-Promoting Behaviors among Elementary School Students Based on BASNEF Model Naseri Pour Takallo Zohreh1, Ahmadi Tabatabaei Seyed Vahid2, Zolala Farzaneh3, Mohseni Mohabbat4* 1. Msc Student, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. 2. Assistant Professor, Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. 3. Associate Professor , Research Center for Modeling in Health, Institute of Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 4. Assistant Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran *Correspondence: Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Health School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Haft-Bagh Road , Kerman, Iran. Email: [email protected] Tel: 03431325098 Fax: 03431325094 Abstract: Introduction: Oral diseases are the most common diseases in the world, and among them, tooth decay is the most common problem. The aim of this study was to determine the effective factors on oral health-promoting behaviors among elementary school students of Baft based on BASNEF Model in 2015. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 200 elementary school students who were selected using multistage random sampling method. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire including 62 questions consisted of two parts: demographic information and constructs of BASNEF model (attitude, subjective norms, behavioral intention, enabling factors, and behaviors). Data were analyzed using SPSS 16. Results: Score of oral health-promoting behaviors in 74% of the students was moderate and in 20% of the students was good. Statistically significant relationship was observed between oral health-promoting behaviors of the students and class grades (P=0.004), mother's education (P=0.004), father's education (P=0.034), and father's occupation (P=0.007). Among the constructs of BASNEF model, enabling factors (β=0.511) and then behavioral intentions (β=0.426) were the strongest predicting factors of oral health behavior. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, enabling factors were the most effective constructs of oral health-promoting behaviors; therefore, oral health promoters are recommended to focus on this issue. Key¬words: Health Promotion, Oral Health, Students, BASNEF Model Citation: Naseri Pour Takallo Z, Ahmadi Tabatabaei SV, Zolala F, Mohseni M. Effective Factors on Oral Health-Promoting Behaviors among Elementary School Students Based on BASNEF Model. Journal of Health Based Research 2016; 2(3): 259-273

Educational Needs of Couples Attending in Pre-marriage Counseling classes in Health Center of Kerman

Introduction:The first step in any educational programs is determining the educational needs of the target group. Providing adequate information to couples helps them to start their marital life based on a correct basis. The aim of this study was to determine the pre-marriage educational needs of couples who are about to get marry. Methods:This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was performed on 250 couples attending in Pre-marriage counseling classes. Available sampling was used in this study. Data were collected by a questionnaire including demographic variables and 47 questions in 7 areas including family planning, congenital diseases, common cancers in men and women, sexual relationships, relationship with spouse and family, and Islamic and legal issues. Data were analyzed using analytical statistics Chi-square, t-test, ANOVA, and correlation coefficientthrough SPSS 21. Results:The results show a significant relationshipbetween the need for training and education in women and men (P<0.0001). There was a significant relationship between age and educational needin the field of congenital diseases, in females (P=0.002) and males (P=0.01). The most important educational needs were sexual relationship and relationship with spouse and family. Conclusion:It seems thatcomprehensive information on sexual issues and relationship with spouse and family should be also added to educational content in order to help young couples to have healthier marital life. Key¬words:Educational Need, Pre-marriage Counseling, Couples, Health Center Citation:RezabeigiDavarani E, Khanjani N, Iranpour A, Mohseni M, NajarMansoori S.Educational Needs of Couples Attending in Pre-marriage Counseling classes in Health Center of Kerman. Journal of Health Based Research 2016; 2(1): 79-80

The relationship between meaning in life and resilience in older adults: a cross-sectional study

Background Meaning in life has been considered necessary for the psychological well-being of older adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between meaning in life and resilience in the elderly in Kerman, Iran. Participants and procedure In this cross-sectional study, 300 older adults (aged more than 60 years) were included using the multistage sampling method in Kerman in 2018. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) was used to investigate the resilience status, and for assessing meaning of life, Steger’s meaning in life questionnaire was employed. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, chi-square, t-test, ANOVA and linear regression by IBM SPSS V21. Results The mean age of participants was 67.3 ±7.9 years. Resilience status was significantly different in terms of gender (p = .021), educational status (p = .032), and self-reported health status (p = .003). There was a significant positive relationship between meaning in life and resilience (r = .38, p = .012). Independent variables (meaning in life, self-reported health status, gender) accounted for 31% of the variance in resilience (p ≤ .001). Conclusions Considering meaning in life and resilience in older adults helps to improve psychological health and wellness and create a unique potential ability to confront the pitfalls of old age, which result in better physical, mental, social, and spiritual health in older adults.Background Meaning in life has been considered necessary for the psychological well-being of older adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between meaning in life and resilience in the elderly in Kerman, Iran. Participants and procedure In this cross-sectional study, 300 older adults (aged more than 60 years) were included using the multistage sampling method in Kerman in 2018. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) was used to investigate the resilience status, and for assessing meaning of life, Steger’s meaning in life questionnaire was employed. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, chi-square, t-test, ANOVA and linear regression by IBM SPSS V21. Results The mean age of participants was 67.3 ±7.9 years. Resilience status was significantly different in terms of gender (p = .021), educational status (p = .032), and self-reported health status (p = .003). There was a significant positive relationship between meaning in life and resilience (r = .38, p = .012). Independent variables (meaning in life, self-reported health status, gender) accounted for 31% of the variance in resilience (p ≤ .001). Conclusions Considering meaning in life and resilience in older adults helps to improve psychological health and wellness and create a unique potential ability to confront the pitfalls of old age, which result in better physical, mental, social, and spiritual health in older adults

Assessment of the Educational Requirements of Rural Family Physicians in Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran

Background & Objective: Determination of priorities and suitable educational methods enable the optimal use of the limited resources available. Due to the effective role of family physicians in health promotion and the necessity of educational planning according to needs assessment, this study aimed to assess the educational requirements of rural family physicians working in Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Results: The most required educational needs were circumcision, biopsy of the skin and mucosa, pulling nails, speckle removal, and surgical excision of skin verruca. Continuing Medical Education was reported as the leading effective educational method. There was significant relationship between educational requirements, and total years of work experience and years of work experience as family physician. However, there was no significant relationship between educational requirements and physicians’ gender, age, place of education, and educational interval gap. Conclusion: To enhance knowledge and skills of family physicians, in addition to revision of physician’s educational curriculum, educational planning based on needs assessment is required. Thus, it is suggested that the Health Care and Continuing Medical Education Office in Kerman University of Medical Sciences take the results of this study into consideration in order to promote the efficacy of the educational programs. Key Words: Educational needs assessment, Family physician, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Ira

Social capital, trust in institutions, discrimination and self-rated health. An epidemiological study in southern Sweden.

The rational for studying health consequences of social determinants is to enable understanding of factors that affect population patterns of health, disease and well-being in order to produce knowledge useful for guiding policies and actions to reduce social inequalities in health and promote social well-being. The aims of this study have been to investigate the association between aspects of social capital, discrimination and health. The first article is a prospective study which investigates the impact of self-rated health with five alternatives on the incidence of first-ever acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Papers II-IV are cross-sectional studies and concern the associations between institutional trust in the health care system, political trust in the Riksdag (the Swedish parliament) and anticipation of discrimination, on the one hand, and self-rated health, on the other, adjusting for generalized (horizontal) trust in other people as a confounder. The 2000 public-health survey in Skåne is a cross sectional study based on self-reported information from a postal questionnaire survey sent to randomly selected persons born in 1919-1981 during the period November 1999 to February 2000. A total of 13,715 (59%) persons answered the questionnaire. Paper I is a prospective cohort study using the 2000 survey as baseline, linked to AMI morbidity/mortality data from January 2000-December 2002. Data from the 2004 public health survey in Skåne in southern Sweden are used for papers II-IV. A postal questionnaire was sent out to a random sample of 47,621 persons aged 18-80 years during the autumn of 2004. A total of 27,963 (59%) respondents returned complete answers. In paper I the three-year first-ever acute myocardial infarction incidence rate was significantly higher among people who were daily smokers, and had higher age, low education, and poor self-rated health. The five-alternative item on self-rated health, both dichotomized and the not dichotomized alternatives, predicts first-ever AMI, even after multiple adjustments in Cox-regression models. In the second cross-sectional study low (institutional) trust in the health care system was associated with poor self-rated health (paper II). Adjustment for “care-seeking behaviour” in the multivariate model had a decreasing effect on the vertical trust differences in poor self-rated health. Low “political trust” in the Riksdag was significantly associated with poor self-rated health, even after adjustments for plausible confounders including generalised (horizontal) trust in other people (paper III). Individuals with higher “anticipation of discrimination by employers” had a higher risk of having poor health status (paper IV). The inclusion of generalised trust in other people in the multivariate model had a decreasing effect on the “anticipation of discrimination by employers” differences in poor self-rated health. The positive association between poor self-rated health and the risk of first-ever acute myocardial infarction, as well as between the institutional trust variables/discrimination and self-rated health seem to represent causal pathways which might be at least partly independent of socioecIn conclusion, the results show that self-rated health with five alternatives predicts incidence of first-ever acute myocardial infarction. Furthermore, we found that low trust (institutional) in the health care system and in the Riksdag, and anticipation of discrimination by employers are associated with poor (self-rated) health. The association between trust in the health care system and self-rated health seem to be partly mediated by care-seeking behaviour. After adjustments for confounders including generalised (horizontal) trust in other people the significant association remains

Social capital, political trust and self-reported psychological health: A population-based study.

This study investigates the association between political trust (an aspect of institutional trust) in the Riksdag (the national parliament in Sweden) and self-reported psychological health, taking generalized (horizontal) trust in other people into account. The 2004 public health survey in Skåne in Southern Sweden is a cross-sectional postal questionnaire study that was answered by 27,757 respondents aged 18-80 yielding a 59% response rate. A logistic regression model was used to investigate the associations between political trust and self-reported psychological health adjusting for possible confounders (age, country of origin, education, economic stress and generalized trust in other people i.e. horizontal trust). We found that 13.0% of the men and 18.9% of the women reported poor psychological health. A total of 17.3% and 11.6% of the male and female respondents, respectively, reported that they had no trust at all in the national parliament, and another 38.2% and 36.2%, respectively, reported that their political trust was not particularly high. Respondents in younger age groups, born abroad, with high education, high levels of economic stress, low horizontal trust and low political trust had significantly higher levels of self-reported poor psychological health. There was a significant association between low political trust and low horizontal trust. After adjustments for age, country of origin, education and economic stress, the inclusion of horizontal trust reduced the odds ratios of self-reported poor psychological health in the "no political trust at all" category compared to the "very high political trust" category from 1.6 to 1.4 among men and from 1.7 to 1.4 among women. It is concluded that low political trust in the Riksdag seems to be significantly and positively associated with poor mental health