MOSQUITO REPELLENT ACTION OF DURANTA PLUMIERI (VERBENACEAE) AGAINST CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the repellent activity of different extracts of Duranta plumieri against mosquito vector Culex quinquefasciatus. Methods: Four different extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol, and aqueous) of D. plumieri were evaluated for repellency test against mosquito vector C. quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) in comparison with diethyltoluamide (DEET), which was used as a positive control. Results: Results showed that chloroform extract was the most effective against mosquito vector even at a low dose. A direct relationship was observed with different concentrations of D. plumieri extract and the repellent activity. Moreover, all the extracts showed highly significant level of repellency as compared to DEET at 10% dosage till 5 h of exposure. Among all of these, chloroform extract showed significant repellency at 5% dosage till 4 h. Conclusion: Chloroform extract of D. plumieri has the potential as an effective mosquito repellent and further studies are needed to isolate the marker compound responsible for this activity

The Basins of Convergence in the Planar Restricted Four-body Problem with Variable Mass

We have studied the existence, location and stability of the libration points in the model of restricted four-body problem (R4BP) with variable mass. It is assumed that three primaries, one dominant primary and the other two with equal masses, are always forming an equilateral triangle. We have determined the equations of motion of the above mentioned problem for the fourth body which is an infinitesimal mass. The libration points have been determined numerically for different values of the parameters considered. It is found that there are eight or ten libration points out of which six are non-collinear and two or four are collinear depending upon the values of mass parameter and the constant of proportionality occurring in Jeans’ law. The regions of motion of the infinitesimal mass have been drawn and investigated. We have also examined the stability of each libration point and found that all the libration points are unstable. Further, the Newton-Raphson basins of attraction are drawn for different set of parameters used

PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Medicinal plants are generating an ever-increasing amount of interest due to the effectiveness, low cost and minimal side-effects associated with drugs derived from them. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) (Family Myrtaceae) is one of the most important herbs in traditional medicine, having a wide spectrum of biological activity. Phytoconstituents of clove comprise of various classes and groups of chemical compounds such as monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, phenolics and hydrocarbon compounds. The major phytochemicals found in clove oil is mainly eugenol (70-85%) followed by eugenyl acetate (15%) and β-caryophyllene (5–12%). Their derivatives result in biological benefits such as antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic capacities. In addition to clove oil's worldwide use as a food flavoring agent, it has also been employed for centuries as a topical analgesic in dentistry. This review presents an overview and details of the phytochemical and pharmacological investigations on the S. aromaticum

Acquired heart block: A possible complication of patent ductus arteriosus in a preterm infant

A large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a frequently encountered clinical problem in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. It leads to an increased pulmonary blood flow and in a decreased or reversed diastolic flow in the systemic circulation, resulting in complications. Here we report a possible complication of PDA not previously published. On day 8 of life, a male ELBW infant (birth weight 650 g) born at a gestational age of 23 weeks and 3 days developed an atrioventricular block (AV block). The heart rate dropped from 168/min to 90/min, and the ECG showed a Wenckebach second-degree AV block and intraventricular conduction disturbances. Echocardiography demonstrated a PDA with a large left-to-right shunt and large left atrium and left ventricle with high contractility. Within several minutes after surgical closure of the PDA, the heart rate increased, and after 30 min the AV block had improved to a 1: 1 conduction ratio. Echocardiography after 2 h revealed a significant decrease of the left ventricular and atrial dimensions. Within 12 h, the AV block completely reversed together with the intraventricular conduction disturbances. We suggest that PDA with a large left-to-right shunt and left ventricular volume overload may lead to an AV block in an ELBW infant. Surgical closure of the PDA may be indicated. Copyright (C) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel

Optimizing Waste Management through IoT and Analytics: A Case Study Using the Waste Management Optimization Test

This research examines how Internet of Things (IoT) technology and advanced analytics may be integrated into trash management. The results show a notable improvement in waste collection efficiency, cost savings, and environmental sustainability. Significant operational cost reductions were achieved by reducing the number of overfilled trash cans by 20% and the frequency of collections by 15% as a consequence of real-time data capture using IoT sensors. Additionally, a 25% reduction in trip distance was made possible by data-driven route optimization, which also resulted in a 10% drop in fuel use and a decrease in carbon emissions. The data-driven strategy also found areas for recycling, which increased the amount of recyclables collected by 15%. These findings highlight the promise that data-driven trash management has for improving both environmental and economic sustainability while tackling the problems associated with urban garbage

Yersinia enterocolitica Targets Cells of the Innate and Adaptive Immune System by Injection of Yops in a Mouse Infection Model

Yersinia enterocolitica (Ye) evades the immune system of the host by injection of Yersinia outer proteins (Yops) via a type three secretion system into host cells. In this study, a reporter system comprising a YopE-β-lactamase hybrid protein and a fluorescent staining sensitive to β-lactamase cleavage was used to track Yop injection in cell culture and in an experimental Ye mouse infection model. Experiments with GD25, GD25-β1A, and HeLa cells demonstrated that β1-integrins and RhoGTPases play a role for Yop injection. As demonstrated by infection of splenocyte suspensions in vitro, injection of Yops appears to occur randomly into all types of leukocytes. In contrast, upon infection of mice, Yop injection was detected in 13% of F4/80+, 11% of CD11c+, 7% of CD49b+, 5% of Gr1+ cells, 2.3% of CD19+, and 2.6% of CD3+ cells. Taking the different abundance of these cell types in the spleen into account, the highest total number of Yop-injected cells represents B cells, particularly CD19+CD21+CD23+ follicular B cells, followed by neutrophils, dendritic cells, and macrophages, suggesting a distinct cellular tropism of Ye. Yop-injected B cells displayed a significantly increased expression of CD69 compared to non-Yop-injected B cells, indicating activation of these cells by Ye. Infection of IFN-γR (receptor)- and TNFRp55-deficient mice resulted in increased numbers of Yop-injected spleen cells for yet unknown reasons. The YopE-β-lactamase hybrid protein reporter system provides new insights into the modulation of host cell and immune responses by Ye Yops

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good