Data_Sheet_1_Low Toe–Brachial Index Is Associated With Stroke Outcome Despite Normal Ankle–Brachial Index.docx

Introduction: We investigated whether the toe–brachial index (TBI) is associated with stroke prognosis and evaluated this association in patients with normal ankle–brachial index (ABI).Methods: Acute ischemic stroke patients who underwent TBI measurements were enrolled. Poor functional outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale score ≥3. Major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) was defined as stroke recurrence, myocardial infarction, or death. Normal ABI was defined as 0.9 ≤ ABI ≤ 1.4.Results: A total of 1,697 patients were enrolled and followed up for a median 39.7 (interquartile range, 25.7–54.6) months. During the period, 305 patients suffered MACE (18.0%), including 171 (10.1%) stroke recurrences. TBI was associated with hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, aortic plaque score, ABI, and brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (all p Conclusions: Low TBI is independently associated with poor short- and long-term outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients despite normal ABI.</p

Predictors of poor functional outcomes at 3 months.

Predictors of poor functional outcomes at 3 months.</p

Flow chart of inclusion and exclusion criteria.

The mRS indicates modified Rankin Scale.</p

Demographic characteristics and comparison between patients with good outcomes and poor outcomes.

Demographic characteristics and comparison between patients with good outcomes and poor outcomes.</p

Presentation_1_Low Ankle-Brachial Index Is Associated With Stroke Recurrence in Ischemic Stroke Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.pdf

Introduction: Cardioembolic stroke (CE) has poor outcomes and high recurrence rates. A low ankle-brachial index (ABI Methods: We enrolled patients with CE who underwent ABI measurements during hospitalization. Recurrent stroke was defined based on newly developed neurologic symptoms with relevant lesions 7 days after the index stroke. MACE comprised stroke recurrence, myocardial infarction, or death.Results: Of 775 patients, 427 (55.1%) were AF patients and 348 (44.9%) were non-AF patients. Patients were followed up for a median of 33.6 (IQR, 18.0–51.6) months. In total, 194 (25.0%) patients experienced MACE, including 77 (9.9%) patients with stroke recurrence and 101 (13.0%) patients with mortality, during the study period. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that an ABI Conclusions: We found that a low ABI is associated with stroke recurrence, MACE, and mortality in patients with CE. In particular, the association between ABI and recurrent stroke is only present in AF patients. A low ABI may be a useful prognostic marker in patients with CE, especially in AF patients.</p

Comparison of TCD parameters between patients with good outcomes (mRS 0–2) and poor outcomes (mRS 3–6) at 3 months.

Comparison of TCD parameters between patients with good outcomes (mRS 0–2) and poor outcomes (mRS 3–6) at 3 months.</p