Comparison of zoomed details in Fig 5 for the twelve despeckling methods.

(a) Original ROI, (b) Noisy ROI, (c) Frost filter, (d) Kuan filter, (e) SBF filter, (f) SRAD filter, (g) TNLM filter, (h) OBNLM filter, (i) NLMLS filter, (j) DnCNN filter, (k) OPCA-NLM filter, (l) RPCA-NLM filter, (m) SPCA-NLM filter, and (n) PPCA-NLM filter.</p

Comparison of restoration performance on a real fetal ultrasound image for the NLM-based and DnCNN methods.

(a) original image, (b) TNLM filter, (c) OBNLM filter, (d) NLMLS filter, (e) DnCNN filter, and (f) PPCA-NLM filter.</p

Comparison of restoration performance on a real parotid gland adenoma ultrasound image for the NLM-based and DnCNN methods.

(a) original image, (b) TNLM filter, (c) OBNLM filter, (d) NLMLS filter, (e) DnCNN filter, and (f) PPCA-NLM filter.</p

The ENL values of four ROIs on a real ultrasound image.

The ENL values of four ROIs on a real ultrasound image.</p

Rechargeable Mg²⁺/Li⁺, Mg²⁺/Na⁺, and Mg²⁺/K⁺ Hybrid Batteries Based on Layered VS₂

Rechargeable Mg batteries have great potential in next-generation scalable energy-storage applications, but the electrochemical performance is limited by the Mg-intercalation cathodes. Hybrid batteries based on dual-cation (Mg2+ and alkali metal cations) electrolytes would not only improve the electrochemical performance but also induce the co-intercalation of Mg2+ with alkali metal cations. As previous reports overwhelmingly focus on Mg2+/Li+ hybrid batteries, in this work, Mg2+/Na+ and Mg2+/K+ hybrid batteries are constructed using a typical layered VS2 cathode and studied in comparison with Mg2+/Li+ batteries. It is observed that Mg2+ could co-intercalate into VS2 with Li+, Na+, or K+. However, Mg-intercalation is irreversible in the Mg2+/Li+ system, and co-intercalation of Mg2+ and K+ would cause a collapse of VS2. Comparatively, the co-intercalation of Mg2+ and Na+ into VS2 exhibits the highest reversibility, and the Mg2+/Na+ hybrid battery shows the best cycling stability without capacity fading within 1000 cycles. Our work highlights the co-intercalation reversibility of a non-pre-expanded layered disulfide cathode and delivers insights for the development of high-performance rechargeable Mg metal batteries

The ENL values of four ROIs on the simulated ultrasound image.

The ENL values of four ROIs on the simulated ultrasound image.</p

Visual comparison of restoration performance of the various despeckling methods on the synthetic image.

(a) original image, (b) synthetic image with speckle noise (σ = 3), (c) Frost filter, (d) Kuan filter, (e) SBF filter, (f) SRAD filter, (g) TNLM filter, (h) OBNLM filter, (i) NLMLS filter, (j) DnCNN filter, (k) OPCA-NLM filter, (l) RPCA-NLM filter, (m) SPCA-NLM filter, and (n) PPCA-NLM filter.</p

A detailed illustration of the construction of feature vectors based on the feature patches.

A detailed illustration of the construction of feature vectors based on the feature patches.</p

Comparison of restoration performance of various despeckling methods on a real ultrasound image of benign lymph nodes.

(a) original noisy image and four ROIs marked with the different colors, (b) Frost filter, (c) Kuan filter, (d) SBF filter, (e) SRAD filter, (f) TNLM filter, (g) OBNLM filter, (h) NLMLS filter, (i) DnCNN filter, (j) OPCA-NLM filter, (k) RPCA-NLM filter, (l) SPCA-NLM filter, and (m) PPCA-NLM filter.</p

The CNR values of four ROIs on the simulated ultrasound image.

The CNR values of four ROIs on the simulated ultrasound image.</p