Strong, Reconfigurable, and Recyclable Thermosets Cross-Linked by Polymer–Polymer Dynamic Interaction Based on Commodity Thermoplastics

Polymer networks cross-linked by dynamic covalent bonds possess outstanding mechanical and rheological properties and are expected to be potential alternatives to conventional thermosets. However, while many recent studies of dynamically cross-linked thermosets focused on the employment of small molecular cross-linkers, the macro-cross-linking approach and the corresponding thermosets have been less demonstrated. In this work, reconfigurable and catalyst-free thermosets were synthesized by dynamic polymer–polymer interaction based on reversible boronic ester bond, providing simple and efficient access toward materials with improved mechanical strength and toughness in comparison to related commodity thermoplastics. The dynamic exchange of covalent bonds dispersed between polymer chains enables the materials to be malleable, recyclable, and healable under thermal conditions and readily processable with mechanical mixing without solvent. Moreover, the materials’ mechanical and rheological properties could be tuned by changing the cross-linking density. Although the dynamic networks exhibited good resistance against organic solvents, they could be cleaved as triggered by acids or diols and recycled through the de-cross-linking/re-cross-linking pathway. Given the dramatically increasing interest in environmentally sustainable materials, this polymer–polymer interaction mode provides a robust approach to engineering polymers with improved performance compared with the thermoplastic counterparts

Strong, Reconfigurable, and Recyclable Thermosets Cross-Linked by Polymer–Polymer Dynamic Interaction Based on Commodity Thermoplastics

Polymer networks cross-linked by dynamic covalent bonds possess outstanding mechanical and rheological properties and are expected to be potential alternatives to conventional thermosets. However, while many recent studies of dynamically cross-linked thermosets focused on the employment of small molecular cross-linkers, the macro-cross-linking approach and the corresponding thermosets have been less demonstrated. In this work, reconfigurable and catalyst-free thermosets were synthesized by dynamic polymer–polymer interaction based on reversible boronic ester bond, providing simple and efficient access toward materials with improved mechanical strength and toughness in comparison to related commodity thermoplastics. The dynamic exchange of covalent bonds dispersed between polymer chains enables the materials to be malleable, recyclable, and healable under thermal conditions and readily processable with mechanical mixing without solvent. Moreover, the materials’ mechanical and rheological properties could be tuned by changing the cross-linking density. Although the dynamic networks exhibited good resistance against organic solvents, they could be cleaved as triggered by acids or diols and recycled through the de-cross-linking/re-cross-linking pathway. Given the dramatically increasing interest in environmentally sustainable materials, this polymer–polymer interaction mode provides a robust approach to engineering polymers with improved performance compared with the thermoplastic counterparts

Strong, Reconfigurable, and Recyclable Thermosets Cross-Linked by Polymer–Polymer Dynamic Interaction Based on Commodity Thermoplastics

Polymer networks cross-linked by dynamic covalent bonds possess outstanding mechanical and rheological properties and are expected to be potential alternatives to conventional thermosets. However, while many recent studies of dynamically cross-linked thermosets focused on the employment of small molecular cross-linkers, the macro-cross-linking approach and the corresponding thermosets have been less demonstrated. In this work, reconfigurable and catalyst-free thermosets were synthesized by dynamic polymer–polymer interaction based on reversible boronic ester bond, providing simple and efficient access toward materials with improved mechanical strength and toughness in comparison to related commodity thermoplastics. The dynamic exchange of covalent bonds dispersed between polymer chains enables the materials to be malleable, recyclable, and healable under thermal conditions and readily processable with mechanical mixing without solvent. Moreover, the materials’ mechanical and rheological properties could be tuned by changing the cross-linking density. Although the dynamic networks exhibited good resistance against organic solvents, they could be cleaved as triggered by acids or diols and recycled through the de-cross-linking/re-cross-linking pathway. Given the dramatically increasing interest in environmentally sustainable materials, this polymer–polymer interaction mode provides a robust approach to engineering polymers with improved performance compared with the thermoplastic counterparts

Data_Sheet_1_Phylogenetic Implications and Functional Disparity in the Chalcone synthase Gene Family of Common Seagrass Zostera marina.docx

Chalcone synthase (CHS) family are plant type III polyketide synthases that participate in the flavonoid synthesis pathway to induce plant resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Zostera marina, a common seagrass, migrated to terrestrial conditions and returned to the sea, achieving the most severe habitat shift of flowering plants. Given the special evolutionary process, we conducted genome-wide, expression and enzyme activity analyses of the ZosmaCHS family to understand its phylogenetic implications. Various duplication modes led to the expansion of 11 CHS homologs in Z. marina. Based on the phylogenetic relationships, ZosmaCHSs were classified into three clades. Further quantitative real time-PCR analyses of the ZosmaCHS homologs showed different light responses and tissue-specific expression, indicating functional diversification of the ZosmaCHSs. Moreover, the ZosmaCHS proteins clustering with the validated chalcone synthases were recombined into prokaryotic expression systems. All the recombinant proteins showed CHS activity to generate naringenin chalcone with varying catalytic efficiencies. ZosmaCHS07 was regarded as the dominant CHS because of its significant light response and the higher catalytic efficiency. Taken together, the disparity of the expression and enzyme activity indicated that sub-functionalization is the primary mechanism of the expansion of the ZosmaCHSs family.</p

Highly Efficient Tin Perovskite Solar Cells Based on a Triple Reactant Strategy

Tin perovskite is rising as the most promising lead-free perovskite for photovoltaic applications. However, the uncontrollable kinetics of crystal growth brings poor crystal quality with a poor orientation and large defect density. In this work, we explored formamidine acetate (FAAc) and ammonium iodide (NH4I) to replace the generally used formamidinium iodide (FAI) in the growth of a tin perovskite film. This triple reagent (FAAc + NH4I + SnI2) method prolongs the reaction path for the growth of the tin perovskite film. It impedes the growth of a three-dimensional (3D) perovskite structure at room temperature while having less impact on the growth of a low-dimensional structure. As a result, the low-dimensional structure formed at room temperature serves as a seed structure for 3D structure growth in subsequent annealing. The tin perovskite film grown using this triple reactant source hence shows enhanced orientation and long carrier lifetimes, leading to an efficiency of 14.6% for tin perovskite solar cells

Highly Efficient Tin Perovskite Solar Cells Based on a Triple Reactant Strategy

Tin perovskite is rising as the most promising lead-free perovskite for photovoltaic applications. However, the uncontrollable kinetics of crystal growth brings poor crystal quality with a poor orientation and large defect density. In this work, we explored formamidine acetate (FAAc) and ammonium iodide (NH4I) to replace the generally used formamidinium iodide (FAI) in the growth of a tin perovskite film. This triple reagent (FAAc + NH4I + SnI2) method prolongs the reaction path for the growth of the tin perovskite film. It impedes the growth of a three-dimensional (3D) perovskite structure at room temperature while having less impact on the growth of a low-dimensional structure. As a result, the low-dimensional structure formed at room temperature serves as a seed structure for 3D structure growth in subsequent annealing. The tin perovskite film grown using this triple reactant source hence shows enhanced orientation and long carrier lifetimes, leading to an efficiency of 14.6% for tin perovskite solar cells

Photoorganocatalyzed Reversible-Deactivation Alternating Copolymerization of Chlorotrifluoroethylene and Vinyl Ethers under Ambient Conditions: Facile Access to Main-Chain Fluorinated Copolymers

Fluoropolymers have found broad applications for many decades. Considerable efforts have focused on expanding access toward main-chain fluorinated polymers. In contrast to previous polymerizations of gaseous fluoroethylenes conducted at elevated temperatures and with high-pressure metallic vessels, we here report the development of a photoorganocatalyzed reversible-deactivation radical alternating copolymerization of chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) and vinyl ethers (VEs) at room temperature and ambient pressure by exposing to LED light irradiation. This method enables the synthesis of various fluorinated alternating copolymers with low Đ and high chain-end fidelity, allowing an iterative switch of the copolymerization between “ON” and “OFF” states, the preparation of fluorinated block alternating copolymers, as well as postsynthetic modifications

Highly Efficient Tin Perovskite Solar Cells Based on a Triple Reactant Strategy

Tin perovskite is rising as the most promising lead-free perovskite for photovoltaic applications. However, the uncontrollable kinetics of crystal growth brings poor crystal quality with a poor orientation and large defect density. In this work, we explored formamidine acetate (FAAc) and ammonium iodide (NH4I) to replace the generally used formamidinium iodide (FAI) in the growth of a tin perovskite film. This triple reagent (FAAc + NH4I + SnI2) method prolongs the reaction path for the growth of the tin perovskite film. It impedes the growth of a three-dimensional (3D) perovskite structure at room temperature while having less impact on the growth of a low-dimensional structure. As a result, the low-dimensional structure formed at room temperature serves as a seed structure for 3D structure growth in subsequent annealing. The tin perovskite film grown using this triple reactant source hence shows enhanced orientation and long carrier lifetimes, leading to an efficiency of 14.6% for tin perovskite solar cells

Highly Efficient Tin Perovskite Solar Cells Based on a Triple Reactant Strategy

Tin perovskite is rising as the most promising lead-free perovskite for photovoltaic applications. However, the uncontrollable kinetics of crystal growth brings poor crystal quality with a poor orientation and large defect density. In this work, we explored formamidine acetate (FAAc) and ammonium iodide (NH4I) to replace the generally used formamidinium iodide (FAI) in the growth of a tin perovskite film. This triple reagent (FAAc + NH4I + SnI2) method prolongs the reaction path for the growth of the tin perovskite film. It impedes the growth of a three-dimensional (3D) perovskite structure at room temperature while having less impact on the growth of a low-dimensional structure. As a result, the low-dimensional structure formed at room temperature serves as a seed structure for 3D structure growth in subsequent annealing. The tin perovskite film grown using this triple reactant source hence shows enhanced orientation and long carrier lifetimes, leading to an efficiency of 14.6% for tin perovskite solar cells

Transition-Metal-Free Synthesis of Aryl Trifluoromethyl Thioethers through Indirect Trifluoromethylthiolation of Sodium Arylsulfinate with TMSCF₃

Herein, we report an indirect trifluoromethylthiolation of sodium arylsulfinates. This transition-metal-free reaction significantly provides an environmentally friendly and practical synthetic method for aryl trifluoromethyl thioethers using commercial Ruppert–Prakash reagent TMSCF3. This approach is also a potential alternative to the current industrial production method owing to facile substrates, excellent functional group compatibility, and operational simplicity