Exploring three-way group decisions with consensus evolution network for software ecosystem hierarchical criteria health rating

The appropriate rating of software ecosystem health is to the benefit of its sustainable development. The rating method based on an expert panel with specialised knowledge is reliable for rating software ecosystem health. Complexity often causes obstacles for expert panels to give appropriate ratings. Facing complexity, hierarchical criteria system provides evaluation guides with multiple levels and multiple perspectives. However, at present, effective group decision-making under hierarchical criteria system remains a challenge. Thus, this article systematically investigates consensus reaching process and rating method under hierarchical criteria system of software ecosystem health, which are two important components of group decision-making. To master the consensus situation of all criteria and consensus relationships of pair-wise experts under hierarchical criteria system, we construct hierarchical consensus evolution network. Then, we further propose a novel consensus degree measurement and design a consensus reaching process with pair-wise adjustment by utilising hierarchical characteristics. For rating software ecosystem health efficiently, there are usually three ratings including health, sub-health and ill-health. Three-way decisions exactly provide semantic interpretation for these three ratings. Meanwhile, three-way decisions can reduce the risk of incorrect ratings. Considering these advantages, we develop three-way group decisions with hierarchical consensus evolution network to comprehensively rate software ecosystem health under hierarchical criteria system. Finally, take the health rating of the software ecosystem on GitHub as an example, we develop a series of experiment analysis to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.</p

Effects of Control Factors on Protein–Polyelectrolyte Complex Coacervation

Protein–polyelectrolyte complex coacervation is of particular interest for mimicking intracellular phase separation and organization. Yet, the challenge arises from regulating the coacervation due to the globular structure and anisotropic distributed charges of protein. Herein, we fully investigate the different control factors and reveal their effects on protein-polyelectrolyte coacervation. We prepared mixtures of BSA (bovine serum albumin) with different cationic polymers, which include linear and branched polyelectrolytes covering different spacer and charge groups, chain lengths, and polymer structures. With BSA-PDMAEMA [poly(N,N-dimethylaminomethyl methacrylate)] as the main investigated pair, we find that the moderate pH and ionic strength are essential for the adequate electrostatic interaction and formation of coacervate droplets. For most BSA–polymer mixtures, excess polyelectrolytes are required to achieve the full complexation, as evidenced by the deviated optimal charge mixing ratios from the charge stoichiometry. Polymers with longer chains or primary amine groups and a branched structure endow a strong electrostatic interaction with BSA and cause a bigger charge ratio deviation associated with the formation of solid-like coacervate complexes. Nevertheless, both the liquid- and solid-like coacervates hardly interrupt the BSA structure and activity, indicating the safe encapsulation of proteins by the coacervation with polyelectrolytes. Our study validates the crucial control of the diverse factors in regulating protein–polyelectrolyte coacervation, and the revealed principles shall be instructive for establishing other protein-based coacervations and boosting their potential applications

Table_1_A multifaceted and feasible prognostic model of amino acid metabolism-related genes in the immune response and tumor microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.docx

We investigated the role of amino acid metabolism (AAM) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissues to explore its prognostic value and potential therapeutic strategies. A risk score based on four AAM-related genes (AMG) was constructed that could predict the prognosis of HNSCC. These four genes were up-regulated in HNSCC tissues and might act as oncogenes. Internal validation in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) by bootstrapping showed that patients with high-risk scores had a poorer prognosis than patients with low-risk scores, and this was confirmed in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohort. There were also differences between the high-risk and low-risk groups in clinical information and different anatomical sites such as age, sex, TNM stage, grade stage, surgery or no surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, no radiotherapy, neck lymph node dissection or not, and neck lymphovascular invasion, larynx, overlapping lesion of lip, and oral cavity and pharynx tonsil of overall survival (OS). Immune-related characteristics, tumor microenvironment (TME) characteristics, and immunotherapy response were significantly different between high- and low-risk groups. The four AMGs were also found to be associated with the expression of markers of various immune cell subpopulations. Therefore, our comprehensive approach revealed the characterization of AAM in HNSCC to predict prognosis and guide clinical therapy.</p

Image_2_A multifaceted and feasible prognostic model of amino acid metabolism-related genes in the immune response and tumor microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.tif

We investigated the role of amino acid metabolism (AAM) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissues to explore its prognostic value and potential therapeutic strategies. A risk score based on four AAM-related genes (AMG) was constructed that could predict the prognosis of HNSCC. These four genes were up-regulated in HNSCC tissues and might act as oncogenes. Internal validation in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) by bootstrapping showed that patients with high-risk scores had a poorer prognosis than patients with low-risk scores, and this was confirmed in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohort. There were also differences between the high-risk and low-risk groups in clinical information and different anatomical sites such as age, sex, TNM stage, grade stage, surgery or no surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, no radiotherapy, neck lymph node dissection or not, and neck lymphovascular invasion, larynx, overlapping lesion of lip, and oral cavity and pharynx tonsil of overall survival (OS). Immune-related characteristics, tumor microenvironment (TME) characteristics, and immunotherapy response were significantly different between high- and low-risk groups. The four AMGs were also found to be associated with the expression of markers of various immune cell subpopulations. Therefore, our comprehensive approach revealed the characterization of AAM in HNSCC to predict prognosis and guide clinical therapy.</p

Theoretical exploring effects of solvent polarity and atomic electronegativity on excited state behaviour for BY4TP fluorophore

As widely acknowledged, the realm of novel organic molecules boasting extraordinary attributes pertaining to excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) has emerged as a captivating subject matter. In this context, our primary focus lies in delving into the excited-state behaviour exhibited by 2-benzoxazol-2-yl-4-triethylsilanylethynyl-phenol (BY4TP), an alluring derivative derived from 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole (HBO). Relying on the examination of four distinct aprotic solvents with varying degrees of polarities, we can unequivocally affirm that solvent polarity exerts a profound influence on the intricate interplay of hydrogen bonding interactions, charge redistribution and reorganisation, as well as associated ESIPT phenomena by light. Through meticulous comparison and precise measurement of reaction barriers across diverse solvent environments, our groundbreaking findings indicate that lowly polar solvents serve as efficacious facilitators for promoting the occurrence of the ESIPT reaction in BY4TP fluorophore. By considering atomic-electronegativity-regulated hydrogen bonding effects and excited state behaviours for BY4TP-S and BY4TP-Se, we also present low atomic electronegativity with Se substation promotes ESIPT reaction. We ardently anticipate that this study will provide invaluable insights into the behaviour exhibited by BY4TP upon excitation and under the influence of solvent polarity and atomic electronegativity, while simultaneously paving new avenues for future research endeavours and applications encompassing novel HBO derivatives.</p

Effects of oxygen family elements on electron-withdrawing nitryl-substituted 2-(2’-hydroxyphenyl)benzazole derivatives: a theoretical investigation

The excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction is a well-studied photo reaction, based on this mechanism, many high-performance organic chromophores can be selected. It is widely acknowledged that the 2-(2’-hydroxyphenyl)benzazole (HBX) derivatives undergo the ESIPT process. This work mainly uses DFT and TDDFT methods to clarify the effects of oxygen family substituted elements on excited states for HBX derivatives. First, we probe into the molecular structures of HBX derivatives (HBX-O, HBX-S and HBX-Se) and explore their infrared (IR) vibrational behaviours. The results confirm that light excitation in S1 state enhances the hydrogen bonds of HBX dyes. Additionally, analysis of the frontier molecular orbitals shows that charge redistribution promotes the ESIPT process. This article provides a detailed explanation of the excited state reaction behaviours of three HBX dyes and demonstrates that substitution effects regulate the ESIPT processes of these dyes. This finding will contribute to the development of new photo-reactive substances in the future.</p

Image_1_A multifaceted and feasible prognostic model of amino acid metabolism-related genes in the immune response and tumor microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.tif

We investigated the role of amino acid metabolism (AAM) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissues to explore its prognostic value and potential therapeutic strategies. A risk score based on four AAM-related genes (AMG) was constructed that could predict the prognosis of HNSCC. These four genes were up-regulated in HNSCC tissues and might act as oncogenes. Internal validation in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) by bootstrapping showed that patients with high-risk scores had a poorer prognosis than patients with low-risk scores, and this was confirmed in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohort. There were also differences between the high-risk and low-risk groups in clinical information and different anatomical sites such as age, sex, TNM stage, grade stage, surgery or no surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, no radiotherapy, neck lymph node dissection or not, and neck lymphovascular invasion, larynx, overlapping lesion of lip, and oral cavity and pharynx tonsil of overall survival (OS). Immune-related characteristics, tumor microenvironment (TME) characteristics, and immunotherapy response were significantly different between high- and low-risk groups. The four AMGs were also found to be associated with the expression of markers of various immune cell subpopulations. Therefore, our comprehensive approach revealed the characterization of AAM in HNSCC to predict prognosis and guide clinical therapy.</p

Image_3_A multifaceted and feasible prognostic model of amino acid metabolism-related genes in the immune response and tumor microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.tif

We investigated the role of amino acid metabolism (AAM) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissues to explore its prognostic value and potential therapeutic strategies. A risk score based on four AAM-related genes (AMG) was constructed that could predict the prognosis of HNSCC. These four genes were up-regulated in HNSCC tissues and might act as oncogenes. Internal validation in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) by bootstrapping showed that patients with high-risk scores had a poorer prognosis than patients with low-risk scores, and this was confirmed in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohort. There were also differences between the high-risk and low-risk groups in clinical information and different anatomical sites such as age, sex, TNM stage, grade stage, surgery or no surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, no radiotherapy, neck lymph node dissection or not, and neck lymphovascular invasion, larynx, overlapping lesion of lip, and oral cavity and pharynx tonsil of overall survival (OS). Immune-related characteristics, tumor microenvironment (TME) characteristics, and immunotherapy response were significantly different between high- and low-risk groups. The four AMGs were also found to be associated with the expression of markers of various immune cell subpopulations. Therefore, our comprehensive approach revealed the characterization of AAM in HNSCC to predict prognosis and guide clinical therapy.</p

Table_4_A multifaceted and feasible prognostic model of amino acid metabolism-related genes in the immune response and tumor microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.docx

We investigated the role of amino acid metabolism (AAM) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissues to explore its prognostic value and potential therapeutic strategies. A risk score based on four AAM-related genes (AMG) was constructed that could predict the prognosis of HNSCC. These four genes were up-regulated in HNSCC tissues and might act as oncogenes. Internal validation in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) by bootstrapping showed that patients with high-risk scores had a poorer prognosis than patients with low-risk scores, and this was confirmed in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohort. There were also differences between the high-risk and low-risk groups in clinical information and different anatomical sites such as age, sex, TNM stage, grade stage, surgery or no surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, no radiotherapy, neck lymph node dissection or not, and neck lymphovascular invasion, larynx, overlapping lesion of lip, and oral cavity and pharynx tonsil of overall survival (OS). Immune-related characteristics, tumor microenvironment (TME) characteristics, and immunotherapy response were significantly different between high- and low-risk groups. The four AMGs were also found to be associated with the expression of markers of various immune cell subpopulations. Therefore, our comprehensive approach revealed the characterization of AAM in HNSCC to predict prognosis and guide clinical therapy.</p

Image_5_A multifaceted and feasible prognostic model of amino acid metabolism-related genes in the immune response and tumor microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.tif

We investigated the role of amino acid metabolism (AAM) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissues to explore its prognostic value and potential therapeutic strategies. A risk score based on four AAM-related genes (AMG) was constructed that could predict the prognosis of HNSCC. These four genes were up-regulated in HNSCC tissues and might act as oncogenes. Internal validation in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) by bootstrapping showed that patients with high-risk scores had a poorer prognosis than patients with low-risk scores, and this was confirmed in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohort. There were also differences between the high-risk and low-risk groups in clinical information and different anatomical sites such as age, sex, TNM stage, grade stage, surgery or no surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, no radiotherapy, neck lymph node dissection or not, and neck lymphovascular invasion, larynx, overlapping lesion of lip, and oral cavity and pharynx tonsil of overall survival (OS). Immune-related characteristics, tumor microenvironment (TME) characteristics, and immunotherapy response were significantly different between high- and low-risk groups. The four AMGs were also found to be associated with the expression of markers of various immune cell subpopulations. Therefore, our comprehensive approach revealed the characterization of AAM in HNSCC to predict prognosis and guide clinical therapy.</p