«Conselho de amigo, aviso do céu»: contributos para a análise semântico-pragmática dos atos ilocutórios de conselho e de aviso em confronto com o de ameaça

Com base em exemplos de um corpus oral de Português Europeu, o presente texto discute a organização e funcionamento do ato ilocutório de conselho e de aviso, destacando as semelhanças e diferenças entre eles e os atos de discursos como ameaças e promessas, avisos hipotéticos e ameaças condicionais. Depois da análise das noções do “querer dizer NN” de Grice e de “uptake” de Austin, destacamos a importância da relação entre intenção e convenção na análise dos atos ilocutórios de Searle com o levantamento das regras que determinam os indicadores de força ilocutória. A interpretação dos valores ilocutórios na sequencialidade das intervenções destaca a relação entre práticas discursivas e figuração.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Selective Adsorption and Efficient Removal of Phosphate from Aqueous Medium with Graphene–Lanthanum Composite

A three-dimensional adsorbent, i.e., lanthanum oxide decorated graphene composite (3D graphene–La₂O₃ composite), is prepared. The composite exhibits favorable adsorption performance to phosphate, providing a sorption capacity of 82.6 mg g^–1 at pH 6.2. The adsorption behavior for phosphate fits the Langmuir model, and the adsorption kinetics fit a pseudo-second-order model, with rate constants of 0.1847 and 0.007 969 g mg^–1 min^–1 at phosphate concentrations of 35 and 142 mg L^–1, respectively. For the removal of 25 mg L^–1 phosphate in 1.0 mL aqueous medium, the commonly encountered anionic species in waters, e.g., Cl^–, SO₄^2–, and NO₃^–, pose no interfering effect at 8000 mg L^–1, providing a favorable removal efficiency of 100% by 2.0 mg of composite. When 142 mg L^–1 phosphate solution is treated, 100% and >80% adsorption efficiencies are achieved respectively in the presence of 1000 and 8000 mg L^–1 of Cl^–, SO₄^2–, and NO₃^–. The high tolerance capacity against coexisting anionic species by the graphene–La₂O₃ composite makes it suitable for water cleanup by selective and fast adsorption/removal of phosphate

The anthracnose resistance of the parents and F_2:3 families.

<p>The anthracnose resistance of the parents and F_2:3 families.</p

Gene homologous with candidate genes <i>Phvul</i>.<i>001G243500</i>, <i>Phvul</i>.<i>001G243600</i>, <i>Phvul</i>.<i>001G243700</i> and <i>Phvul</i>.<i>001G243800</i>. The G19833 genome sequence was used to identify homologous genes (www.phytozome.org).

<p>Gene homologous with candidate genes <i>Phvul</i>.<i>001G243500</i>, <i>Phvul</i>.<i>001G243600</i>, <i>Phvul</i>.<i>001G243700</i> and <i>Phvul</i>.<i>001G243800</i>. The G19833 genome sequence was used to identify homologous genes (<a href="http://www.phytozome.org/" target="_blank">www.phytozome.org</a>).</p

Positional cloning of the resistance gene <i>Co-1</i>^<i>HY</i>.

<p>(A) The primary genetic linkage map of <i>Co-2322</i> gene constructed by Chen et al. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0169954#pone.0169954.ref026" target="_blank">26</a>]. (B) The fine mapping of the <i>Co-2322</i> (or <i>Co-1</i>^<i>HY</i>) gene and associated molecular markers. Recombination distances are indicated on the left side of the linkage group in centiMorgans (cM), and the marker names are shown on the right side. (C) The physical map showing the locations of the <i>Co-1</i>^<i>HY</i> locus and SSR markers. The <i>Co-1</i>^<i>HY</i> region was positioned between 50,264,608 bp and 50,339,673 bp in an approximately 75 kb interval of chromosome 1 between the SSR markers PSSR0869 and PSSR0771. The dotted lines indicate common markers. (D) The predicted genes flank the target 75-kb region. Fifteen ORFs are shown as open arrows, and the parentheses show PCR markers Plc1, TF1, STK1 and Clp-N1 that were developed with reference to the predicted genes. (E) The amplification of the F₂ population with the PCR markers Plc1, TF1, STK1 and Clp-N1. P1: resistant parent; P2: susceptible parent; 1–10: susceptible individuals of the F₂ population; individual 10 in the markers of Plc1 and TF1 and individuals 5 and 6 in Clp-N1 are recombined. (F) Diagrammatic representation of the <i>Co-1</i>^<i>HY</i> mapping. The distribution of recombination events that were detected by high-resolution mapping is depicted. The hatched bar represents the region of the Hongyundou genome, and the open bar represents the region of the Jingdou genome. The number below the markers PSSR0869, Plc1, TF1, STK1, Clp-N1 and PSSR0771 represents the recombinant. Genotyping of the homozygous progeny delimited the <i>Co-1</i>^<i>HY</i> locus to an approximately 46 kb stretch flanked by Clp-N1 and TF1. P1: resistant parent; P2: susceptible parent; 1–10: susceptible individuals of the F₂ population; R1, R2: resistant individuals of the F₂ population. (G) Annotation of the 46-kb candidate region. The pentagons represent the predicted genes with the sizes indicated in the lengths of each gene, and the arrows indicate the relative orientation.</p

The anthracnose resistant (Hongyundou) and susceptible (Jingdou) plants following <i>C</i>. <i>lindemuthianum</i> race 81 inoculation.

<p>(A) The Hongyundou plants grew normally and were completely asymptomatic. (B) The Jingdou plants began to wilt seven days after inoculation. (C) Sporadic disease spots on the front side and underside of an inoculated Hongyundou leaf. (D) The Jingdou plants exhibited large lesions on the inoculated leaves and collapsed with severe anthracnose symptoms. (E) No spores could be extracted from the inoculated leaves of the Hongyundou plants. (F) Abundant spores were detected from the inoculated leaves of the Jingdou plants.</p

Expression pattern of the four candidate genes with gene-specific primers and the bean actin gene was used as an internal control for qRT-PCR

<p>(A) Expression pattern of the four candidate genes in the leaves of the parental Hongyundou and Jingdou plants without inoculation. The graph's horizontal axis indicates the predicted genes (<i>Phvul</i>.<i>001G243500</i>, <i>Phvul</i>.<i>001G243600</i>, <i>Phvul</i>.<i>001G243700</i> and <i>Phvul</i>.<i>001G243800</i>), and the vertical axis indicates the relative expression levels. (B)-(E) Expression analysis of <i>Phvul</i>.<i>001G243500</i>, <i>Phvul</i>.<i>001G243600</i>, <i>Phvul</i>.<i>001G243700</i> and <i>Phvul</i>.<i>001G243800</i>, respectively, in the leaves of Hongyundou and Jingdou at different times (0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after inoculation (HAI) with <i>Colletotrichum lindemuthianum</i> race 81). Plot with the time after inoculation on the horizontal axis and the relative expression level on the vertical axis. The filled red bars in (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) refers to Hongyundou, and the blue bars refer to Jingdou. The means were generated from three independent measurements, and the bars indicate the standard errors.</p

The eight homologous genes were positioned on the common bean linkage map.

<p>Representative markers in black are associated with anthracnose resistance and those in red genes homologous to four candidate gene identified from the <i>Co-1</i>^<i>HY</i> region. The marker positions are represented in Mb.</p

SERS–Fluorescence Dual-Mode pH-Sensing Method Based on Janus Microparticles

A surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)–fluorescence dual-mode pH-sensing method based on Janus microgels was developed, which combined the advantages of high specificity offered by SERS and fast imaging afforded by fluorescence. Dual-mode probes, pH-dependent 4-mercaptobenzoic acid, and carbon dots were individually encapsulated in the independent hemispheres of Janus microparticles fabricated via a centrifugal microfluidic chip. On the basis of the obvious volumetric change of hydrogels in different pHs, the Janus microparticles were successfully applied for sensitive and reliable pH measurement from 1.0 to 8.0, and the two hemispheres showed no obvious interference. The proposed method addressed the limitation that sole use of the SERS-based pH sensing usually failed in strong acidic media. The gastric juice pH and extracellular pH change were measured separately in vitro using the Janus microparticles, which confirmed the validity of microgels for pH sensing. The microparticles exhibited good stability, reversibility, biocompatibility, and ideal semipermeability for avoiding protein contamination, and they have the potential to be implantable sensors to continuously monitor pH in vivo

Additional file 1 of Response of microRNAs to cold treatment in the young spikes of common wheat

Table S1. Nucleotide sequences of primers for qRT-PCR of miRNAs and their targets. Table S2. Small RNA statistics and genome mapping information referred to the Chinese Spring genome. Table S3. Expression level of miRNAs in the control and cold-treated libraries. Table S4. Novel miRNA information, including mature, star, and precursor sequences, referred to the Chinese Spring genome. Table S5. Fold change of differentially expressed miRNAs and their targets by qRT-PCR. Table S6. Overlapped miRNAs in response to cold stress among wheat, Brachypodium, Medicago, Populus, and Arabidopsis. Table S7. Predicted targets of conserved miRNAs by the TargetFinder program. Table S8. Predicted targets of novel miRNAs by the TargetFinder program. Table S9. Targets of known miRNAs validated by degradome sequencing in the control and cold stress libraries. Table S10. Targets of novel miRNAs validated by degradome sequencing in the control and cold stress libraries. Table S11. Gene Ontology enrichment, including biological process, molecular function, and cellular components for the target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs after cold stress, referred as Chinese Spring. (ZIP 643 kb