Validating city-scale surface water flood modelling using crowd-sourced data

Surface water and surface water related flood modelling at the city-scale is challenging due to a range of factors including the availability of subsurface data and difficulty in deriving runoff inputs and surcharge for individual storm sewer inlets. Most of the research undertaken so far has been focusing on local-scale predictions of sewer surcharge induced surface flooding, using a 1D/1D or 1D/2D coupled storm sewer and surface flow model. In this study, we describe the application of an urban hydro-inundation model (FloodMap-HydroInundation2D) to simulate surface water related flooding arising from extreme precipitation at the city-scale. This approach was applied to model an extreme storm event that occurred on 12 August 2011 in the city of Shanghai, China, and the model predictions were compared with a ‘crowd-sourced’ dataset of flood incidents. The results suggest that the model is able to capture the broad patterns of inundated areas at the city-scale. Temporal evaluation also demonstrates a good level of agreement between the reported and predicted flood timing. Due to the mild terrain of the city, the worst-hit areas are predicted to be topographic lows. The spatio-temporal accuracy of the precipitation and micro-topography are the two critical factors that affect the prediction accuracies. Future studies could be directed towards making more accurate and robust predictions of water depth and velocity using higher quality topographic, precipitation and drainage capacity information

Evaluating the impact and risk of pluvial flash flood on intra-urban road net- work: A case study in the city center of Shanghai, China

Urban pluvial flood are attracting growing public concern due to rising intense precipitation and increasing consequences. Accurate risk assessment is critical to an efficient urban pluvial flood management, particularly in transportation sector. This paper describes an integrated methodology, which initially makes use of high resolution 2D inundation modeling and flood depth-dependent measure to evaluate the potential impact and risk of pluvial flash flood on road network in the city center of Shanghai, China. Intensity–Duration–Frequency relationships of Shanghai rainstorm and Chicago Design Storm are combined to generate ensemble rainfall scenarios. A hydrodynamic model (FloodMap-HydroInundation2D) is used to simulate overland flow and flood inundation for each scenario. Furthermore, road impact and risk assessment are respectively conducted by a new proposed algorithm and proxy. Results suggest that the flood response is a function of spatio-temporal distribution of precipitation and local characteristics (i.e. drainage and topography), and pluvial flash flood is found to lead to proportionate but nonlinear impact on intra-urban road inundation risk. The approach tested here would provide more detailed flood information for smart management of urban street network and may be applied to other big cities where road flood risk is evolving in the context of climate change and urbanization

Construing Ideational Meaning in Electronics Devicesadvertisements in Jawa Pos: a Systemic Functional Linguisticmultimodal Discourse Analysis

This research deals with multimodal discourse analysis. The data were collected from printed advertisements ofJawa Pos newspaper. Generic Structure Potential of printed advertisement (GSP) proposed by Cheong (2004)and Halliday\u27s (1994) transitivity were applied. Cheong\u27s framework is applied to reveal the elements of visualand linguistic elements, meanwhile Halliday\u27s transitivity is used to know the processes. Thereby, this researchdiscovers the relationship between image and text in one context. The result shows that visual elements in theprinted advertisements are Lead, Emblem, and Display. Lead consists of Locus of Attention (LoA) andComplements to the Locus of Attention (Comp. LoA). Meanwhile, the linguistic elements are Announcement,Emblem, Enhancer, Tag, and Call-and-Visit Information. Finally, it is found that there is interconnectednessbetween the visual and linguistic elements in the printed advertisement. It causes high ContextualizationPropensity (CP), narrow Interpretative Space (IS), and also small Semantic Effervescence (SE)

Long-term flood-hazard modeling for coastal areas using InSAR measurements and a hydrodynamic model: The case study of Lingang New City, Shanghai

In this paper, we study long-term coastal flood risk of Lingang New City, Shanghai, considering 100- and 1000-year coastal flood return periods, local seal-level rise projections, and long-term ground subsidence projections. TanDEM-X satellite data acquired in 2012 were used to generate a high-resolution topography map, and multi-sensor InSAR displacement time-series were used to obtain ground deformation rates between 2007 and 2017. Both data sets were then used to project ground deformation rates for the 2030s and 2050s. A 2-D flood inundation model (FloodMap-Inertial) was employed to predict coastal flood inundation for both scenarios. The results suggest that the sea-level rise, along with land subsidence, could result in minor but non-linear impacts on coastal inundation over time. The flood risk will primarily be determined by future exposure and vulnerability of population and property in the floodplain. Although the flood risk estimates show some uncertainties, particularly for long-term predictions, the methodology presented here could be applied to other coastal areas where sea level rise and land subsidence are evolving in the context of climate change and urbanization

Design of multi-DOF aeroelastic model for a solar tower and its exprimental-study on wind-induced renponses

This paper was reviewed and accepted by the APCWE-IX Programme Committee for Presentation at the 9th Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, held from 3-7 December 2017

Knockdown of Glutamate Cysteine Ligase Catalytic Subunit by siRNA Causes the Gold Nanoparticles-Induced Cytotoxicity in Lung Cancer Cells

<div><p>Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have shown promising medical applications in cancer treatment involved in the regulation of intracellular redox balance. Previously, we have reported that GNPs can trigger apoptosis and necrosis in human lung cancer cells (A549) when L-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) was used to decrease the expression of intracellular glutathione (GSH). Herein, we investigated the cytotoxicity of GNPs toward lung cancer cells under the glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) was silenced by siRNA. Our results showed that GNPs cause apoptosis and necrosis in cells transfected with GCLC siRNA by elevating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). These findings demonstrated that the regulation of glutathione synthesis by GCLC siRNA in A549 cells can initiate the gold nanoparticles-induced cytotoxicity.</p></div

Novel ^99mTc(III) Complexes [^99mTcCl(CDO)(CDOH)₂B–R] (CDOH₂ = Cyclohexanedione Dioxime) Useful as Radiotracers for Heart Imaging

In this study, we evaluated seven new ^99mTc­(III) complexes [^99mTcCl­(CDO)­(CDOH)₂B–R] (^99mTc–2Fboroxime: R = 2-formylfuran-3-yl (2F); ^99mTc–3Fboroxime: R = furan-3-yl (3F); ^99mTc–5Fboroxime: R = 5-formyfuran-2-yl (5F); ^99mTc–HPboroxime: R = 6-hydroxylpyridin-2-yl (HP); ^99mTc–MPYboroxime: R = 5-methoxypyridin-3-yl (MPY); ^99mTc–PMboroxime: R = 1,5-pyrimidin-3-yl (PM); and ^99mTc–4PYboroxime: R = pyridin-4-yl (4PY)) for their potential as heart imaging agents. All new ^99mTc­(III) radiotracers except ^99mTc–2Fboroxime were prepared with high radiochemical purity (RCP > 95%). The low RCP (∼75%) for ^99mTc–2Fboroxime is most likely caused by steric hindrance from the 3-formyl group. Biodistribution and imaging studies were performed in SD rats. Planar image quantification was performed to compare their myocardial retention times. We found that the myocardial washout curves of new ^99mTc­(III) radiotracers were best fitted the biexponential decay function. The AUC (area under the curve) values followed the general trend: ^99mTc–5Fboroxime (129 ± 6) > ^99mTc–3Fboroxime (114 ± 11) > ^99mTc–Teboroxime (104 ± 16) > ^99mTc–MPYboroxime (92 ± 18) > ^99mTc–4PYboroxime (77 ± 10) > ^99mTc–PMboroxime (68 ± 14) ≈ ^99mTc–HPboroxime (62 ± 14). The 2 min heart uptake values from biodistribution studies follow the ranking order of ^99mTc–5Fboroxime (3.75 ± 0.15%ID/g) ≈ ^99mTc–MPYboroxime (3.73 ± 0.24%ID/g) > ^99mTc–PMboroxime (3.47 ± 0.15%ID/g) ≈ ^99mTc–3Fboroxime ≈ (3.25 ± 0.77%ID/g). The 5 min heart uptake of ^99mTc–5Fboroxime (3.91 ± 0.09%ID/g) was almost identical to its 2 min heart uptake (3.75 ± 0.15%ID/g), and its 15 min heart uptake value (2.83 ± 0.08%ID/g) compared well to the 2 min heart uptake of ^99mTc–Teboroxime (3.00 ± 0.37%ID/g). It took ∼5 min for ^99mTc–5Fboroxime to approach the 1 min heart uptake value of ^99mTc–Teboroxime (∼3.5% ID/g) and ∼9.5 min to reach the 2 min heart uptake value of ^99mTc–Teboroxime (∼3.0% ID/g). The best image acquisition window is 0–5 min for ^99mTc–5Fboroxime. High-quality single-photon emission computed tomography images of the rat hearts were acquired in any of the 5 min window over the first 20 min after its administration. ^99mTc–5Fboroxime has significant advantages over ^99mTc–Teboroxime as the radiotracer for myocardial perfusion imaging

Knockdown of glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit by siRNA.

<p>(A) GCLC mRNA levels in A549 cells following 24 hours transfected with negative control siRNA, GCLC siRNA-1, GCLC siRNA-2 and GCLC siRNA-3. GCLC siRNA significantly decreased the GCLC mRNA levels in A549 cells. (B) Representative Western blot gel documents for GCLC and summarized data showing that efficiency of gene silencing of GCLC by siRNA. Cytosolic proteins were isolated from transfected cells. GCLC protein levels in cell extracts were measured by Western blot analysis and were normalised to β-actin expression levels. *** P<0.001, compared to negative control.</p

Effect of GNPs on intracellular ROS levels in GCLC siRNA pretreated cells.

<p>Exponentially growing cells were transfected with negative control and GCLC siRNA-1 for 24 hours, following treated with GNPs (20μM), GNPs (20μM) and GSH (1mM), GNPs (20μM) and NAC (1mM). ROS levels were measured. Graphs indicate ROS (as determined by DCF) levels (%) compared with negative control cells. Each bar represents the mean (±SD n = 4) of triplicate determinations. **p<0.01</p

GNPs induce caspase activation in cells transfected with GCLC siRNA.

<p>Activation of caspase-3 was measured using specific antibodies by flow cytometry. Intracellular GSH was depleted by GCLC siRNA-1, after approximately 72 hours of GNPs treatment, the cells were collected, treated with 0.1% Triton X-100 and blocked with 1% BSA, then incubated with cleaved caspase-3 (Asp175) antibody (Alexa fluor 488 conjugate) for 30 minutes. The fluorescence intensity was measured by flow cytometry. Each bar represents the mean (±SD n = 4) of triplicate determinations. *<i>p</i><0.05, compared with negative control group.</p