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Not AvailableThe ability to rapidly detect pathogens in food is important from public health and food safety reasons. Traditional culture-based detection methods tend to be laborious, time consuming, technically demanding and may be limited due to their low sensitivity. Rapid detection methods for foodborne pathogens should be specific and sensitive to detect pathogens in low numbers. Sensitivity is important because a single pathogen present in food has the potential risk to cause infection. PCR and Real-time PCR are rapid, sensitive, and specific but require specific instruments and laboratory set-up. In the present study, a simple loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed for rapid detection of Staphylococcus aureus. The LAMP assay was found to be ten times more sensitive than traditional end-point PCR with analytical sensitivity of 0.56 pg/μl and 5.6 pg/μl of DNA, respectively. In spiked chevon samples inoculated with S. aureus, the detection limit of LAMP and PCR assay was 3.3 × 105 CFU/g and 3.3 × 106 CFU/g, respectively, without enrichment. After enriching the samples for 6 h, the detection limit improved to 3.3 × 102 CFU/g and 3.3 × 104 CFU/g, respectively, indicating LAMP to be 100-fold more sensitive than PCR. The detection limit further improved to 3.3 CFU/g of meat after enrichment of 12 h. The developed LAMP was also found to be suitable when evaluated on field samples. The present study reports a simple LAMP assay for rapid visual detection of S. aureus which has potential for use in resource limited settings.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableSalmonella, recognized as one of the most important foodborne bacteria has worldwide health and socioeconomic impact. To prevent the occurrence of outbreaks and recall of food, a simple, rapid and robust detection test is needed. In the present study, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed for rapid, sensitive and visual detection of Salmonella spp. and validated in meat using chevon as a model. The specificity of the developed LAMP was ascertained by using Salmonella and non-Salmonella strains. The developed LAMP assay was 10 fold more sensitive than conventional PCR with the analytical sensitivity of 5 fg and 50 fg of DNA, respectively. In chevon samples artificially contaminated with S. Typhimurium, the LOD of LAMP was log10 8.50 CFU/g, without enrichment, whereas, after short enrichment of meat for 6 h and 12 h, the sensitivity significantly improved with the detection limit of log10 2.50 CFU/g and log10 1.50 CFU/g, respectively. The current study demonstrates that the developed LAMP assay is a simple, sensitive and specific method to identify Salmonella which may be utilized in future for rapid detection of Salmonella in meat. The present study also highlights the importance of enrichment for sensitive detection of Salmonella from meat samples.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableErysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a zoonotic bacterial pathogen of porcine origin. It can cause systemic bacterial infection leading to erysipelas on skin, arthritis, endocarditis in both pigs and human beings. The state of Meghalaya had recorded few zoonotic diseases viz., Brucellosis, Scrub typhus, Japanese encephalitis, Bird flu, Salmonellosis, Listeriosis, Colibacillosis, Swine erysipelas etc. The state had earlier reported laboratory confirmed outbreak of E. rhusiopathiae in the year 2012, which was followed by a pilot scale sero-prevalence study in pigs in two representative districts of Meghalaya. However, during 2018-19 a systematic sero-survey was carried out for this important zoonotic disease in swine population of Meghalaya. In the present study, a total of 515 random serum samples were collected across Meghalaya which were screened for porcine E. rhusiopathiae with reputed commercial indirect ELISA kits and the screening result showed a sero-prevalence of 0.97%. The presence of this zoonotic pathogen warrants attention from not only the veterinary department in term of disease reporting, prevention and control but also from the medical fraternity to report human cases from the state.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableTransplacental transmission (TPT) of wild-type Indian BTV-1 had never been experimentally proved. This study was first time investigated TPT of Indian BTV-1 (isolated from aborted and stillborn goat fetal spleens). The sequential pathology, virological and immune cell kinetics (CD4+, CD8+ T-lymphocytes and NK cells in spleen and PBMCs), and apoptosis in IFNAR1-blocked pregnant mice during early (infected on 1 GD) and mid (infected on 8 GD) gestation have been studied. There was higher rate of TPT during mid stage (71.43%) than early (57.14%) stage. In early stage reduced implantation sites, early embryonic deaths, abortions, and necro-haemorrhagic lesions had observed. Mid stage, congenital defects and neurological lesions in foetuses like haemorrhages, diffuse cerebral edema, necrotizing encephalitis and decreased bone size (Alizarin red staining) were noticed. BTV-1 antigen was first time demonstrable in cells of mesometrium, decidua of embryos, placenta, uterus, ovary, and brain of foetuses by immunohistochemistry and quantified by real-time qRT-PCR. BTV-inoculated mice were seroconverted by 7 and 5 dpi, and reached peak levels by 15 and 9 dpi in early and mid gestation, respectively. CD4+ and CD8+ cells were significantly decreased (increased ratio) on 7 dpi but subsequently increased on 15 dpi in early gestation. In mid gestation, increased CD8+ cells (decreased ratio) were observed. Apoptotic cells in PBMCs and tissues increased during peak viral load. This first time TPT of wild-type Indian BTV-1 deserves to be reported for implementation of control strategies. This model will be very suitable for further research into mechanisms of TPT, overwintering, and vaccination strategies.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAn initial molecular signature of Indian isolates of Toxocara.Not Availabl