Mathematical Model of Forest Fire Soil-thrower Movement

The design of a forest fire soil-thrower made to prevent and eliminate ground forest fires is presented. A mathematical model of machine movement has been developed, which enables to study the laws of the interaction process of the design with the soil. It is accepted that the machine has two degrees of freedom. The mathematical model has been obtained using the Lagrange equations of the second kind. The design and technological parameters of the forest fire soil-throwing machine, affecting the efficiency of its work, including mass and width of the grip of the ripper casing, mass, radius and frequency of rotation of the milling tool, the number and geometric parameters of the blades are taken into account. Mathematical model enables to determine the effect of these parameters on the characteristics of the movement of ripper casing and milling working body. A mathematical model is needed to synchronize the translational motion of the unit and the rotational motion of the rotor. Formulas have been obtained for the steady motion of the forest fire soil-thrower, that determine the hauling power of tractor and torque that ensures the operation of milling tools

SIMULATION MODEL OF THE BRUSH CUTTER ROTOR WITH SIX BLADES

Brush cutters are used in forestry for the care of forest plantations in operations for cutting unwanted tree and shrub vegetation (TSV). Rotors can be used as working bodies. The rotor we are considering is a flywheel, on the outer sides of which the blades are hinged. When cutting DKR with blades, a cutting moment arises, which is transmitted through the knife to the axis of its rotation and then to the shaft driving the flywheel. When designing a brush cutter structure, the impact from the cutting forces of the DKR is decisive for the choice of drive power and rotor parameters. We designed the brush cutter rotor in CAD Solidworks to study the cutting process of the DKR. Its geometric and mass parameters were set; the kinematic links of the links were established. The input motion characteristics were set in the Motion Solidworks module and the cutting moment was applied to the knives. Virtual sensors were installed on the model to record movement characteristics. As a result of a computer experiment for three options, which differ in cutting force and the presence of a damper, the trajectories of the knives and the power consumption of the drive were established</jats:p

The prospects of creation of regional biotechnology cluster in the Voronezh region

The paper presents the results of research of region companies’ integration preconditions in the regional cluster of biotechnology. It is shown that regional clusters act as a key tool for the development of region-al economies. SWOT-analysis was carried out and revealed the strengths and threats to create regional biotechnology cluster. Participants of a regional cluster of biotechnology are justified. Proofs of necessity of development of national scientific and technological and industrial base of bio-industry are given, ca-pable of ensuring environmental safety of the country.</jats:p

RELATIONSHIP OF THE TYPE OF WORKING BODY OF THE BRUSH CUTTER WITH THE POSSIBILITY OF CUTTING WOOD-SHRUB VEGETATION

To remove unwanted tree and shrub vegetation, it is necessary to use mechanized implements aggregated with traction means - tractors. The power consumption of the drive of these tools depends on their mass and the principles of the cutting process. Currently, mulchers, which are designed to grind felling residues with a diameter of tens of centimeters, remove shrubs with a diameter of up to several centimeters, which leads to unreasonably high costs for this type of work. The article studies the designs of frames and working bodies of brush cutters, which are a rotor rotating in a horizontal plane with a knife fixed on a flexible connection or hinge. On the basis of the structures, hypotheses have been put forward about the advisability of using the considered types of working bodies when cutting tree and shrub vegetation, taking into account its diameter. Using the presented connections between the types of working bodies and their ability to cut tree and shrub vegetation, it was revealed the possibility of developing narrowly focused mathematical models, which will reduce the energy consumption of hedge trimmers and increase their efficiency. The presented designs of rotors themselves are also insufficiently studied from the point of view of kinematics and dynamics of movement of their links, which is of certain scientific interest.</jats:p

NEW DESIGNS OF UNIVERSAL PLANTING MACHINES FOR PLANTING SEEDLINGS WITH OPEN AND CLOSED ROOT SYSTEMS

Currently, in the Russian Federation, a large number of areas require reforestation. Introduction of new technologies in artificial reforestation (planting seedlings with a closed root system) requires the use of new means of mechanization when planting seedlings. The assessment of the degree of similarity and difference of the selected structures was carried out on the basis of statistical analysis (hierarchical classification). The country's industry practically does not produce tree planting machines for planting seedlings with a closed root system. Imported specimens of forest planting machines are expensive, require aggregation with heavy equipment, which is practically absent in forestry. In addition, climatic conditions may also be a limitation in the use of imported equipment. In connection with the above, Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies has developed designs of universal planting machines with rotary and chain planting mechanisms. They enable planting of both standard seedling and seedlings with closed root system. The use of universal tree planting machines in forestry enables to keep one tree planting machine instead of two specialized ones. This will significantly save on maintenance and storage of mechanisms</jats:p

RESULTS OF THE STUDIES OF BRANCH CUTTING PROCESS USING A ROTOR WITH ARTICULATED AND RIGIDLY INSTALLED BLADES

An important technological operation in the care of forest crops is mechanized cutting of branches of unwanted vegetation. The working bodies used for cutting differ in design and energy costs for the cutting process. It is necessary to develop a methodology and conduct experimental studies of the process of cutting branches to select the working bodies to the greatest extent corresponding to the object of cutting. At present, systems based on strain gauges are widely used for the experimental study of machine parameters. However, along with them, digital interface is increasingly being introduced into measuring instruments such as oscilloscopes and multimeters. When studying the process of cutting branches with a rotor driven by an electric motor, the cutting resistance forces will create a torque on the shaft, which will lead to a change in the consumed current. The change in current strength can be measured with a multimeter, which enables to set the power indicators of the cutting process for the investigated rotors. In the work, a 3D model of rotors with rigidly mounted and hinged blades was developed using reverse engineering with the help of Solidworks CAD. The main geometric and mass characteristics of the rotors have been determined. The principle of connecting the measuring equipment (UNI-T 61E multimeter and shunt 75SHIP1-5-0.5) for measuring the cutting power of branches has been developed. Experimental studies have been carried out and differences in the power indicators of cutting for two types of working bodies have been established</jats:p

THE RESULTS OF SIMULATION MODELING OF THE WORKING PROCESS OF THE ROTOR-THROWER OF A FOREST FIRE SOIL-THROWING MACHINE

When solving the problem of increasing the efficiency of a forest fire soil-throwing machine containing a multi-stage rotor-thrower, a design is proposed in which the soil shaft is fully fed simultaneously to all blades of the multi-stage rotor-thrower. Determination of the kinematic parameters of the throwing process must be modeled taking into account physical and mechanical properties of soil. The purpose of this work is to increase the effectiveness of the prevention and extinguishing of forest fires with soil, by substantiating the parameters of a soil-throwing machine based on simulation of the working process of a rotor-thrower. As a result of the computational experiment, graphs are presented for determining the soil outlet angle and the ejection range with a zero blade inclination angle and for determining the soil outlet angle and ejection distance with a combined blade inclination angle. For given values of disk radii, the maximum soil fraction is ejected by the third disk, and the minimum by the first one. Therefore, the result of the computational experiment on the ratio predictably places the maximum amount of soil (more than 30%) at the distance of overlapping the trajectories of movement of soil particles ejected by the first and third disks, namely, in the range from 10.4-11.2 m. Thus, the software package can calculate not only the trajectory of soil movement depending on the design and technological parameters of the thrower rotor, by which it is possible to estimate the size of the ejection layer, but also the distribution of soil in the layer. The distribution obtained as a result of a computational experiment can be used to accumulate a database on the range of the largest part of the ejected soil and to refine the layer of maximum backfilling, taking into account physical and mechanical properties of soil</jats:p

ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNICAL MEANS FOR SOWING FOREST SEEDS IN NURSERIES

The analysis of sowing methods and existing types of seeders, which are used in forestry and agrotechnical complexes, as well as patent materials, is given. Analysis of domestic designs of SLP-M, SLU-5-20 and "Litva-25" seeders, intended for sowing small forest seeds in nurseries and open ground, showed that they are energy-intensive and do not always ensure the embedding of seeds in moist soil. The perspective directions of resource conservation in agriculture have been considered: sowing using "no-till" or "mini-do" technology, ensuring sowing of seeds in untreated and minimally cultivated soil. The combined seeder AGRATORDK is equipped with a disc cultivator and a seeder with gouters. The RAPIDRDA-450S seeder from VADERSTAD has spherical discs that cultivate soil in one pass. The presented methods of sowing and seeding devices have a significant drawback - the necessity of additional working bodies with a high probability of getting into the grooves of dry soil, moving the top layer of soil "back and forth." A gouter which can change the angle of entering the soil and planting depths of small forest seeds was developed. Preliminary laboratory studies have shown the operability of gouter mock-up specimen and the ability to cut the seed furrow by cutting out a layer of soil with void formation above the bottom of the seed furrow, into which seeds were fed through tubes from funnels. The seeds were embedded with a layer of soil under the influence of its own gravity</jats:p

RESULTS OF PROCESS SIMULATION OF FEEDING AND DISTRIBUTING LUBRICANT IN THE FIFTH-WHEEL COUPLING OF HAULING TRACTOR WITH SADDLE TRAILER

The necessity of increasing the efficiency of the fifth wheel coupling of hauling tractor with saddle trailer has been substantiated. The analysis of the works of foreign scientists investigating the influence of fifth wheel couplings on the efficiency of functioning of road trains has been carried out. The importance of periodically applying the lubricant recommended by the manufacturer to the rubbing surfaces of the base plate and the saddle of the fifth wheel coupling of hauling tractor has been described. The goal of the work is formulated to determine the optimal number of outlets in the seat for supplying the minimum amount of lubricant that ensures full coverage of the seat surface, as well as long-term retention on it. To achieve this goal, a mathematical model and a computer program based on it have been developed. The schemes of representation in the model of the mounting plate of the hauling tractor and the base plate of the saddle trailer, the interface form with the results of modeling the supply and distribution of lubricant over the rubbing surfaces of the fifth wheel coupling, as well as a diagram of the main input and output parameters of the simulation model are given. The time dependences of the coefficient of lubricant coverage of the mounting plate of the fifth wheel coupling seat with different periodicity of lubricant supply through a variable number of outlet openings are obtained. It was found that the increase in the coefficient of coverage of the mounting plate of the fifth wheel coupling with a lubricant over time occurs according to an exponential law. The optimum number of openings for the lubricant supply is 5-7</jats:p