"Es muß besser werden!"

The story of how Max Warburg became head of the family-owned bankhouse, although his brother was supposed to take over the business, was often told: When he was 12 years old, the one year older Aby offered Max his birthright for the promise to buy all the books Aby would ever need. Max accepted,and - as he later said - issued "the biggest blank cheque in my life". The paths of life of the two brothers spilt into different directions. Aby built his library into a research institute. Max developed M. M. Warburg & Co., thus the bankhouse becoming one of the most important private banks in Germany. At Simultaneously, they both pursued another goal: the foundation of the university. The brothers were among the early donors of the Hamburg Scientific Foundation (Hamburgische Wissenschaftliche Stiftung). It was all about "Hamburg's mental capacity" ("Hamburgs geistige Zahlungsfähigkeit")

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Die Biografie präsentiert einen unkonventionellen Denker und den Wiederentdecker Aby Warburgs. Er galt als einer der international angesehensten und bedeutendsten Gelehrten, als Diplomat der Wissenschaft, als Spezialist für Goya und Velázquez, Rubens und Dürer sowie für die Sozialgeschichte des »Hofkünstlers«, als Begründer der kritischen Bildwissenschaft und nicht zuletzt als ein ungewöhnlich inspirierender Lehrer. Fast 25 Jahre lang hat Martin Warnke als Ordinarius für Kunstgeschichte an der Universität Hamburg gewirkt. In dieser Zeit hat er sein Fach sensibilisiert: für die Erkenntnis, dass die Kunst als autonome Kraft sich allen gesellschaftlichen Ansprüchen widersetzt - aber auch für die intellektuellen Leistungen der durch die Nationalsozialisten vertriebenen Kollegen und die innovativen Denkansätze Aby Warburgs. Mit der Revitalisierung des Warburg-Hauses hat er in der hamburgischen Stadtlandschaft eine wichtige Spur hinterlassen. Herzstück des Hauses ist Warnkes legendärer Zettelkasten zur »Politischen Ikonographie«, der sowohl historische als auch aktuelle Strategien politischer Inszenierung auf faszinierende Weise sichtbar macht. Warnkes Methode war der Zweifel, sein Zuhause der »Denkraum der Besonnenheit«. Seine Lust an der »Umkehr jeder Erwartung« (Horst Bredekamp) und seine brillante Sprache machen die Lektüre seiner Werke zu einem zeitlosen Abenteuer

Emma und Henry Budge

"Verantwortung und Passion - Emma und Henry Budge als großzügige Stifter und Förderer der hamburgischen Kultur. Das am Hamburger Alsterufer erbaute, bemerkenswert großzügig dimensionierte Wohnhaus von Emma und Henry Budge trug zu Recht den Titel »Palais«. Heute residiert hier die Hochschule für Musik und Theater. Von der Hansestadt aus entfaltete das Ehepaar eine rege mäzenatische Tätigkeit, in deren Zuge unter anderem Heime für Hilfsbedürftige etabliert und die Universitäten in Frankfurt und Hamburg unterstützt wurden. Vor allem Emma Budge trug zudem eine umfangreiche und hochkarätige Sammlung angewandter Kunst zusammen, die nach ihrem Tod in den Besitz der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg übergehen sollte. Doch dazu kam es nicht: Nach ihrem Tod musste die Sammlung von den Erben versteigert werden, und im Palais am Alsterufer richtete sich der nationalsozialistische »Reichsstatthalter« ein. Das philanthropische Lebenswerk war damit unwiederbringlich zerstört. Mit dieser ersten umfassenden Biographie aus der Feder Karen Michels` über das außergewöhnliche Ehepaar Budge wird es verdient gewürdigt. Emma (1852-1937) und Henry (1840-1928) Budge Jahrzehntelang lebten die Budges in New York, wo der aus Frankfurt stammende Henry Budge als erfolgreicher Banker und Eisenbahnfinanzier ein enormes Vermögen machte. 1903 kehrte er mit seiner Frau Emma nach Deutschland zurück und ließ sich in Hamburg nieder, der Heimat seiner Gattin.

From fluctuation and fragility to innovation and sustainability: the role of a member network in UK enterprise education

Enterprise education has been identified as suffering from fluctuating policy, inconsistent funding and faddish practice, thereby limiting the development of a sustainable community of scholar-practitioners. In view of these constraints, this article considers the position of the often-isolated enterprise educators, and focuses on the role networks play in supporting their sustainable professional development and hence the domain itself. A case–based analysis draws on social-constructivist concepts of networks and communities of practice to analyse a UK-based network, Enterprise Educators UK (‘EEUK’). It is argued that the member-driven nature of EEUK is unique and important for providing a sustainable forum through which enterprise educators can engage, share practice, find identity, develop ownership of and deliver sustained innovation in enterprise education. Generating a rich picture of the enterprise educator’s ecosystem, the article makes a methodological contribution to network research by undertaking a longitudinal analysis of a decade of ‘Best Practice’ events. It extends Community of Practice theory of peripheral participation and identity in professional associations, and derives practical implications for enterprise educator networks. Recommendations are made for future research and dissemination of enterprise educator practice at, between, and beyond events, to further the development of the international enterprise education domain

Os contornos da responsabilidade civil dos apoiadores na tomada de decisão apoiada

A presente pesquisa busca fazer uma análise da responsabilidade civil dos apoiadores na Tomada de Decisão Apoiada (TDA), com vias a identificar os limites do direito à reparação civil diante desse novo instrumento de proteção e valorização da pessoa com deficiência. Para responder aos questionamentos elegidos na presente pesquisa, se fará uso do método de abordagem dedutiva, com procedimento monográfico e técnicas de pesquisa resumida em consulta a bibliografia. Como resultados preliminares., a luz das novas disposições do Código Civil (CC), tem-se que a pessoa apoiada responde exclusivamente por eventuais danos causados a terceiros, eis que o reconhecimento de sua capacidade resulta na sua imputabilidade. Todavia, considerando que o objetivo da TDA é justamente estabelecer um sistema de proteção ao indivíduo em situação de vulnerabilidade, mostra-se indispensável uma reflexão acerca da responsabilidade civil dos apoiadores perante a pessoa apoiada.

arrayCGHbase: an analysis platform for comparative genomic hybridization microarrays

BACKGROUND: The availability of the human genome sequence as well as the large number of physically accessible oligonucleotides, cDNA, and BAC clones across the entire genome has triggered and accelerated the use of several platforms for analysis of DNA copy number changes, amongst others microarray comparative genomic hybridization (arrayCGH). One of the challenges inherent to this new technology is the management and analysis of large numbers of data points generated in each individual experiment. RESULTS: We have developed arrayCGHbase, a comprehensive analysis platform for arrayCGH experiments consisting of a MIAME (Minimal Information About a Microarray Experiment) supportive database using MySQL underlying a data mining web tool, to store, analyze, interpret, compare, and visualize arrayCGH results in a uniform and user-friendly format. Following its flexible design, arrayCGHbase is compatible with all existing and forthcoming arrayCGH platforms. Data can be exported in a multitude of formats, including BED files to map copy number information on the genome using the Ensembl or UCSC genome browser. CONCLUSION: ArrayCGHbase is a web based and platform independent arrayCGH data analysis tool, that allows users to access the analysis suite through the internet or a local intranet after installation on a private server. ArrayCGHbase is available at

Duration of Lactation and Incidence of Maternal Hypertension: A Longitudinal Cohort Study

Never or curtailed lactation has been associated with an increased risk for incident hypertension, but the effect of exclusive breastfeeding is unknown. The authors conducted an observational cohort study of 55,636 parous women in the US Nurses’ Health Study II. From 1991 to 2005, participants reported 8,861 cases of incident hypertension during 660,880 person-years of follow-up. Never or curtailed lactation was associated with an increased risk of incident hypertension. Compared with women who breastfed their first child for ≥12 months, women who did not breastfeed were more likely to develop hypertension (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18, 1.36), adjusting for family history and lifestyle covariates. Women who never breastfed were more likely to develop hypertension than women who exclusively breastfed their first child for ≥6 months (HR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.20, 1.40). The authors found similar results for women who had never breastfed compared with those who had breastfed each child for an average of ≥12 months (HR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.32). In conclusion, never or curtailed lactation was associated with an increased risk of incident maternal hypertension, compared with the recommended ≥6 months of exclusive or ≥12 months of total lactation per child, in a large cohort of parous women

Standards for midwife Practitioners of external cephalic version: A Delphi study

IntroductionExpansion of advanced and specialist midwifery practitioner roles across professional boundaries requires an evidence-based framework to evaluate achievement and maintenance of competency. In order to develop the role of Breech Specialist Midwife to include the autonomous performance of external cephalic version within one hospital, guidance was required on standards of training and skill development, particularly in the use of ultrasound

Cyclin T1-Dependent Genes in Activated CD4+ T and Macrophage Cell Lines Appear Enriched in HIV-1 Co-Factors

HIV-1 is dependent upon cellular co-factors to mediate its replication cycle in CD4+ T cells and macrophages, the two major cell types infected by the virus in vivo. One critical co-factor is Cyclin T1, a subunit of a general RNA polymerase II elongation factor known as P-TEFb. Cyclin T1 is targeted directly by the viral Tat protein to activate proviral transcription. Cyclin T1 is up-regulated when resting CD4+ T cells are activated and during macrophage differentiation or activation, conditions that are also necessary for high levels of HIV-1 replication. Because Cyclin T1 is a subunit of a transcription factor, the up-regulation of Cyclin T1 in these cells results in the induction of cellular genes, some of which might be HIV-1 co-factors. Using shRNA depletions of Cyclin T1 and transcriptional profiling, we identified 54 cellular mRNAs that appear to be Cyclin T1-dependent for their induction in activated CD4+ T Jurkat T cells and during differentiation and activation of MM6 cells, a human monocytic cell line. The promoters for these Cyclin T1-dependent genes (CTDGs) are over-represented in two transcription factor binding sites, SREBP1 and ARP1. Notably, 10 of these CTDGs have been reported to be involved in HIV-1 replication, a significant over-representation of such genes when compared to randomly generated lists of 54 genes (p value<0.00021). The results of siRNA depletion and dominant-negative protein experiments with two CTDGs identified here, CDK11 and Casein kinase 1 gamma 1, suggest that these genes are involved either directly or indirectly in HIV-1 replication. It is likely that the 54 CTDGs identified here include novel HIV-1 co-factors. The presence of CTDGs in the protein space that was available for HIV-1 to sample during its evolution and acquisition of Tat function may provide an explanation for why CTDGs are enriched in viral co-factors

Framework and baseline examination of the German National Cohort (NAKO)

The German National Cohort (NAKO) is a multidisciplinary, population-based prospective cohort study that aims to investigate the causes of widespread diseases, identify risk factors and improve early detection and prevention of disease. Specifically, NAKO is designed to identify novel and better characterize established risk and protection factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, respiratory and infectious diseases in a random sample of the general population. Between 2014 and 2019, a total of 205,415 men and women aged 19–74 years were recruited and examined in 18 study centres in Germany. The baseline assessment included a face-to-face interview, self-administered questionnaires and a wide range of biomedical examinations. Biomaterials were collected from all participants including serum, EDTA plasma, buffy coats, RNA and erythrocytes, urine, saliva, nasal swabs and stool. In 56,971 participants, an intensified examination programme was implemented. Whole-body 3T magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 30,861 participants on dedicated scanners. NAKO collects follow-up information on incident diseases through a combination of active follow-up using self-report via written questionnaires at 2–3 year intervals and passive follow-up via record linkages. All study participants are invited for re-examinations at the study centres in 4–5 year intervals. Thereby, longitudinal information on changes in risk factor profiles and in vascular, cardiac, metabolic, neurocognitive, pulmonary and sensory function is collected. NAKO is a major resource for population-based epidemiology to identify new and tailored strategies for early detection, prediction, prevention and treatment of major diseases for the next 30 years. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10654-022-00890-5