Additional file 1 of Initial empirical antibiotics of non-carbapenems for ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae bacteremia in children: a retrospective medical record review

Additional file 1. Patients data adminitrated with non-carbapenem as empirical treatment

Phaeohyphomycosis due to <i>Pleurostomophora richardsiae</i> in a Patient with a Hematological Malignancy

Phaeohyphomycosis due to Pleurostomophora richardsiae in a Patient with a Hematological Malignanc

Datasheet1_Impact of pulmonary artery pressure on recurrence after catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation.pdf

BackgroundThe pulmonary veins play a major role in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF) and may be affected by cardiac remodeling due to pulmonary vascular dysfunction. It remains to be determined whether pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) is associated with the recurrence of AF after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA).MethodsConsecutive patients with paroxysmal and persistent AF who underwent RFCA, including wide circumferential pulmonary vein isolation, were analyzed. Systolic PAP was measured using transthoracic echocardiography, and clinical outcomes were compared between patients with PAP ResultsAmong 2,379 patients (mean age 56.7 ± 10.6 years, 77% men), 1,893 (79.6%) had PAP ConclusionThis study showed that a higher PAP was associated with an increased risk of recurrence after RFCA in patients with paroxysmal AF, suggesting a mechanism by which a pulmonary vascular pathology may cause impairment of the pulmonary veins and remodeling of the left atrium.</p

Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with persistent bacteremia and resolving bacteremia caused by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.

<p>Except where noted, values in parentheses indicate percentages.</p>a<p>Complication or principal focus of infection at presentation.</p><p>IQR, interquartile range; MRSA, methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i>; CVC, central venous catheter.</p

Association of Mannose-Binding Lectin 2 Gene Polymorphisms with Persistent <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Bacteremia

<div><p>Objectives</p><p>Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is an important component of innate immunity. Structural and promoter polymorphisms in the <i>MBL2</i> gene that are responsible for low MBL levels are associated with susceptibility to infectious diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of serum MBL levels and <i>MBL2</i> polymorphisms with persistent <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> bacteremia (SAB) in adult Korean patients.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We conducted a case-control study nested in a prospective cohort of patients with SAB. The study compared 41 patients with persistent bacteremia (≥7 days) and 46 patients with resolving bacteremia (<3 days). In each subject, we genotyped six single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter region (alleles <i>H/L</i>, <i>X/Y</i>, and <i>P/Q</i>) and exon 1 (alleles <i>A/B</i>, <i>A/C</i>, and <i>A/D</i>) of the <i>MBL2</i> gene and measured serum MBL concentrations. We also compared <i>MBL2</i> genotypes between SAB patients and healthy people.</p><p>Results</p><p>Patients with persistent bacteremia were significantly more likely to have low/deficient MBL-producing genotypes and resultant low serum MBL levels, than were patients with resolving bacteremia (<i>P</i> = 0.019 and <i>P</i> = 0.012, respectively). Independent risk factors for persistent bacteremia were metastatic infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 34.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 12.83–196.37; <i>P</i> = 0.003), methicillin resistance (aOR, 4.10; 95% CI, 3.19–29.57; <i>P</i> = 0.025), and low/deficient MBL-producing genotypes (aOR, 7.64; 95% CI, 4.12–63.39; <i>P</i> = 0.003). Such genotypes were significantly more common in patients with persistent bacteremia than in healthy people (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.03–4.26; <i>P</i> = 0.040).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>This is the first demonstration of an association of low MBL levels and <i>MBL2</i> polymorphisms responsible for low or deficient MBL levels with persistent SAB. A combination of factors, including clinical and microbiological characteristics and host defense factors such as MBL levels, may together contribute to the development of persistent SAB.</p></div

Clinical significance of follow-up blood culture in patients with a single <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>-positive blood culture

Background: We evaluated the frequency of a positive result in follow-up blood cultures (FUBCs) and clinical outcome when FUBCs were not performed, in patients with a single Staphylococcus aureus-positive blood culture. Methods: We analyzed blood culture results in a prospective, observational cohort of patients with S. aureus bacteraemia (SAB) at a tertiary-care hospital. All adult patients with only a single positive blood culture set from at least two blood culture sets drawn at the initial SAB episode were enrolled in the study. We analyzed FUBC results performed within 5 days after bacteraemia onset and compared the characteristics and outcomes between patients with and without FUBCs. Results: Of 305 patients with a single S. aureus-positive blood culture, FUBCs were obtained in 274 (90%) and were positive in 15% (42/274), of whom 50% were afebrile. The rate of positivity of FUBCs was significantly higher in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) than in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (19% versus 9%, p = .03). In 190 patients with a single MRSA-positive blood culture, the demographic and clinical characteristics were similar between patients with and without FUBCs (167 versus 23). Although mortality was comparable between the two groups, relapse of SAB was significantly more frequent in patients in whom FUBCs were not performed (17% versus 2%, p = .008). Conclusions: Even if a patient has a single S. aureus-positive blood culture and no fever, FUBCs should be performed to manage the infection properly and to prevent SAB relapse.</p

Additional file 1 of Active surveillance testing to reduce transmission of carbapenem-resistant, gram-negative bacteria in intensive care units: a pragmatic, randomized cross-over trial

Additional file 1. Supplemental Figure and Tables

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of 220 patients with catheter-related <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> bacteremia according to catheter retention or removal.

<p>NOTE: Data are no. (%) of patients, unless otherwise indicated. IQR, interquartile range; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II.</p>1<p>Includes perm catheter (n = 31), Hickman catheter (n = 18), and subcutaneous port catheters (n = 5).</p>2<p>Includes prosthetic valve (n = 7), synthetic vascular graft (n = 6), and orthopedic device (n = 5).</p>3<p>Within previous one month.</p

Datasheet1_Prediction of longitudinal clinical outcomes after acute myocardial infarction using a dynamic machine learning algorithm.docx

Several regression-based models for predicting outcomes after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have been developed. However, prediction models that encompass diverse patient-related factors over time are limited. This study aimed to develop a machine learning-based model to predict longitudinal outcomes after AMI. This study was based on a nationwide prospective registry of AMI in Korea (n = 13,104). Seventy-seven predictor candidates from prehospitalization to 1 year of follow-up were included, and six machine learning approaches were analyzed. Primary outcome was defined as 1-year all-cause death. Secondary outcomes included all-cause deaths, cardiovascular deaths, and major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) at the 1-year and 3-year follow-ups. Random forest resulted best performance in predicting the primary outcome, exhibiting a 99.6% accuracy along with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.874. Top 10 predictors for the primary outcome included peak troponin-I (variable importance value = 0.048), in-hospital duration (0.047), total cholesterol (0.047), maintenance of antiplatelet at 1 year (0.045), coronary lesion classification (0.043), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels (0.039), body mass index (BMI) (0.037), door-to-balloon time (0.035), vascular approach (0.033), and use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (0.032). Notably, BMI was identified as one of the most important predictors of major outcomes after AMI. BMI revealed distinct effects on each outcome, highlighting a U-shaped influence on 1-year and 3-year MACE and 3-year all-cause death. Diverse time-dependent variables from prehospitalization to the postdischarge period influenced the major outcomes after AMI. Understanding the complexity and dynamic associations of risk factors may facilitate clinical interventions in patients with AMI.</p

Comparison of <i>MBL2</i> genotypes and serum MBL levels in patients with persistent bacteremia and resolving bacteremia caused by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.

a<p>High MBL-producing genotypes: <i>HYPA/HYPA</i>, <i>HYPA/LXPA</i>, <i>HYPA/LYPA</i>, <i>HYPA/LYQA</i>, <i>LYPA/LXPA</i>, <i>LYPA/LYQA</i>, <i>LYQA/LXPA</i>; low MBL-producing genotypes: <i>HYPA/LYPB</i>, <i>HYPA/HYPB</i>, <i>LXPA/LXPA</i>, <i>LXPA/LYPB</i>, <i>LYPA/LYPB</i>; deficient MBL-producing genotypes: <i>LXPA/LYPB</i>, <i>LYPB/LYPB</i>.</p><p>IQR, interquartile range.</p