LOHN PRODUCTION - AN ECONOMIC OR SOCIAL MEASURE?

The rapid Romanian disintegration of the planned economy and the economic crises after 1989 imposed the large amounts of activity in the production units; the easiest way of maintain these of units - with no effects - was the subcontracting for the re-exportation system. This system is very important for foreign (commerce: over 75% of Romanian export to the European Union is in subcontracting for re-exportation system. This huge percent is possible because the subcontracting for re-exportation system allows a better management of the production capacities in order to maintain jobs or to create new ones, and in this way the competition producers a more important roll in what cancers the demands of consumers and it attracts foreign investors, also.subcontracting, production capacities, trade

THE IMPACT OF THE CRISIS ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE AND SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE THE CRISIS EFFECTS. CASE STUDY: ROMANIA

The economic crisis creates a series of consequences such as loss of jobs, reducing wages, insecurity of the population, reducing standard of living, material hardships, low self-confidence and hope for the better, illnesses, altered human relationships, social protests, ever greater scale strikes, in other words, deterioration of the economic environment. This paper aims to identify possible solutions to improve the effects of the crisis on the quality of life, based on figures from surveys conducted by research firms and the possible correlations to be made between these dates, without attempting to consider that these solutions are unique or the best. The main indicators considered for identifying the negative aspects of the crisis among the population are: the evolution of unemployment, changes in gross domestic product or wage developments in the economy and the share of expenditure linked to the basic needs out of the income earned. Regarding the possible solutions to reduce the population crisis, they are closely related to the credit and monetary policy, and also to the budgetary policy. Under the impact of the economic crisis, the business environment in Romania has suffered. Sub impactul crizei economice, mediul de afaceri din Romania a avut de suferit. Since most investments in 2008 were of foreign origin, the fact that this crisis has affected Romania as well did not surprise anyone. Nowadays Romania's business climate is characterized by lack of direct foreign investments and self funding sources whereas the population declares itself in a large proportion -more than 50% - to be affected by the crisis (1). Effects of the crisis can also be observed in the evolution of consumers' behavior who fearing layoffs and declining revenue, not only turned to buying the same products or to purchase cheaper products, but also to reducing the amount of the purchased products. The quality of social life is essential and strongly related to stimulating economic activity. Satisfaction felt by the consumer will determine the level of consumption and will influence and ultimately decide the supply level. An adequate economic policy in Romania to restore the balance between supply and demand in the market may induce a state of economic recovery. This should be the objective of anti-crisis policies.crisis, quality of life, unemployment rate, gross domestic product, wages rate, social conditions of life, economic environment

STRATEGIC ALLIANCES: FROM SUCCES TO FAILURE

Over the past few years, the strategic alliances had been increasingly common. The term “strategic alliance” can mean many different things, but the commonly used meaning entails a joint corporative effort by two or more companies working towards agreed ustrategic alliances, benefits, risk of failure

LOHN PRODUCTION – AN ECONOMIC OR SOCIAL MEASURE?

The rapid Romanian disintegration of the planned economy and the economic crises after 1989 imposed the large amounts of activity in the production units; the easiest way of maintain these of units – with no effects – was the subcontracting for the re-exportation system. This system is very important for foreign (commerce: over 75% of Romanian export to the European Union is in subcontracting for re-exportation system. This huge percent is possible because the subcontracting for re-exportation system allows a better management of the production capacities in order to maintain jobs or to create new ones, and in this way the competition producers a more important roll in what cancers the demands of consumers and it attracts foreign investors, also

ECO-INDUSTRIAL PARK - A TOOL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Local communities embracing the concept of Eco-industrial park are looking for some additional benefits for all the interested parties – both public and private: higher economic efficiency, the increase of competitivity by applying last minute technologies, generation of additional revenues through positive regulations at the community level, the creation of jobs, solving the conflict between economy and environment, diminishing the demand on the county infrastructure, decreasing the effects of pollution, using energy from regenerating sources and replacement materials. Communities and enterprises creating Eco-industrial parks will have common grounds for industrial development, which is much more competitive, more efficient and much cleaner than traditional industrial parks. Moreover, the new business niches will be open to recruitment or new incubators. Eco-industrial parks represent a special category compared to industrial parks, a category which is different from the classical ones due to the fact that they are designed in such a way so that they promote the collaboration between companies in order to reuse recyclable materials and green energy sources. A long-term vision must reflect the focus on the creation of collaboration networks between firms and the fact that an Eco-industrial park should be a business community, not only a mathematical sum of companies located in the same geographical area. The quality, continuity and interconnection of economic flows within the firms of an Eco-industrial park are important characteristics for the success of Eco-industrial networks. The following discussion tackles the way in which an Eco-industrial park is set-up: creating and implementing an Eco-industrial park in accordance with the principles of circular economy or transforming an already existing industrial park into an Eco- industrial park. The quality, the continuity, the number of interconnected firms, the flows of resources and the relations between the firms are success factors within Eco-industrial networks. The successful cases – especially those in the USA or the Northern countries – have proved that Eco parks engage a multitude of entities, from regional/local authorities to non-governmental organizations; in these entities’ action the objectives and actions of the firms; management overlap with those of the community managemen

ADVANTEGES AND COMPETENCES AQUIERED BY COMPANIES PARTICIPATING IN PROJECTS

Financing funds are financial instruments working to eliminate economic and social disparities, in order to achieve economic and social cohesion. The participation of the companies to financing funds aimed to support their activity through the financing of the productive sector investments, infrastructure investments or other investments in fields such is: education, employment and human resources development, local development and small and medium sized enterprises, but also to make possible the economic and social conversion of areas facing structural difficulties. This study aims to highlight the advantages and expertise acquired by companies participating in projects compared to those having deferred their enrollment in the project

THE IMPACT OF THE CRISIS ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE AND SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE THE CRISIS EFFECTS. CASE STUDY: ROMANIA

The economic crisis creates a series of consequences such as loss of jobs, reducing wages, insecurity of the population, reducing standard of living, material hardships, low self-confidence and hope for the better, illnesses, altered human relationships, social protests, ever greater scale strikes, in other words, deterioration of the economic environment. This paper aims to identify possible solutions to improve the effects of the crisis on the quality of life, based on figures from surveys conducted by research firms and the possible correlations to be made between these dates, without attempting to consider that these solutions are unique or the best. The main indicators considered for identifying the negative aspects of the crisis among the population are: the evolution of unemployment, changes in gross domestic product or wage developments in the economy and the share of expenditure linked to the basic needs out of the income earned. Regarding the possible solutions to reduce the population crisis, they are closely related to the credit and monetary policy, and also to the budgetary policy. Under the impact of the economic crisis, the business environment in Romania has suffered. Sub impactul crizei economice, mediul de afaceri din Romania a avut de suferit. Since most investments in 2008 were of foreign origin, the fact that this crisis has affected Romania as well did not surprise anyone. Nowadays Romania's business climate is characterized by lack of direct foreign investments and self funding sources whereas the population declares itself in a large proportion -more than 50% - to be affected by the crisis (1). Effects of the crisis can also be observed in the evolution of consumers' behavior who fearing layoffs and declining revenue, not only turned to buying the same products or to purchase cheaper products, but also to reducing the amount of the purchased products. The quality of social life is essential and strongly related to stimulating economic activity. Satisfaction felt by the consumer will determine the level of consumption and will influence and ultimately decide the supply level. An adequate economic policy in Romania to restore the balance between supply and demand in the market may induce a state of economic recovery. This should be the objective of anti-crisis policies

COMPETITIVENESS AND SUPPORTING THE BUSINESS COMPETITIVENESS

Competitiveness designates efficiency, productivity, success, adaptability, quality products, optimum costs. Competitiveness is a complex concept which defines the ability of a firm or country to cope with actual or potential competition companies or countries on a particular market, on the world market respectively and it is synonymous with economic efficiency; competitiveness reflects a certain state of the economic activity arising from a certain resource consumption in order to achieve economic goods. Supporting the national competitiveness and flexibility is aimed at a sustained increase in productivity relying on the diversification and the innovation of the domestic industrial base. The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012 ranks Romania as the 77th out of 142 assessed economies. Romania has access to a large market and free trade area, which makes it attractive for many foreign companies, but Romania needs a coherent economic policy that changes the approach used today - from the traditionalist design of restructuring following the resources and, therefore, related to the comparative advantage to finding solutions that stimulate the activities based on knowledge and information so that they allow the emphasis of the competitive advantages. This paper aims to identify the factors and reasons that gave rise to the level of competitiveness for some activities or fields of activities from the economy of Romania during the reporting period, as well as the possibilities that would lead to increasing and supporting the competitiveness of the national economy

ICSID CASES IN WHICH DAMAGES WERE AWARDED BASED ON MARKET APPROACH

The foreign direct investments had encountered the need of a special organism to protect the investors and their rights. This organism was founded by the World Bank and it is called The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes – ICSID. After the recognition of ICSID by the states, the foreign investment flow grew and the number of disputes start growing as well. If the host state is in breach of the Bilateral Investment Treaty, it will have to pay damages to the investor. In order to determine the quantum of the damages, a business valuation is needed. Enterprise valuation has become particularly important with business development, especially as a result of the development of stock market transactions. Business development has, among other things, led to the diversification of funding sources, so stock listing has become essential for many firms that require capital for their underlying investment projects. Besides the role of attracting capital for business development, the stock exchange is also the place for the creation, development and diversification of the investment portfolio of the various investors and, at the same time, the 'playground' of the speculators. None of these roles could be successfully accomplished in the absence of documented business reviews. Around these assessments, three main approaches were outlined: asset, revenue and market approach. Each of these approaches is based on a fundamental concept from which it proposes a mathematical computation method that results in an informative sum representing the estimated value of the evaluated business. These three methods are also the methods accepted by ICSID in establishing the damages that will be awarded in the judged cases. There are some conditions that have to be met in order to use one method instead of other. Usually the selection of the method it is dome by the evaluator, but the arbitrators that are judging the case can reject one method and select another one, based on their professional judgement

INNOVATION AND INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS OF A COUNTRY

The success of economies or firms has been explained in the recent decades by the degree of innovation they have. Companies innovate to conquer markets through new products and services, to reduce production costs, to have an effective management system. It has been statistically demonstrated that there is a direct link between performances, profit level and degree of innovation. The ranking of countries by their degree of innovation prompted the reassessment of how innovation is quantified. The pillars that measure the degree of innovation do no longer refer strictly to research and development costs or number of patents and inventions. There are institutions, human and research capital, infrastructure, market environment, business environment, knowledge and technology outputs as well as creative outputs when we speak about the assessment of the degree of innovation of companies / countries. More and more indicators measuring innovation are focused on items that are not necessarily related to the number of patents or inventions obtained. The developed countries of the world have understood that their success on the international market is related to the degree of novelty and innovation their economy has. Due to globalization, companies and emerging countries are under pressure to engage continuously in innovation: R & D, software, design, engineering, human resources, marketing, etc. - all play an increasingly important role in what we call international competitiveness. We can also state that innovation has evolved along with the development of the human society, from a simple concept of invention or technological novelty to a very complex concept that takes all forms and sectors of economy. Innovation has become a fundamental factor in the whole value chain. Social changes, both in the developed and in the emerging countries, have recognized lately the importance of innovation, and therefore tried to introduce development policies that bring the education and R&D system closer to market requirements