Corruption in an Unstable Environment

In this paper we study the influence of economic stability on the level of corruption in a country, where high stability is defined as a low level of variance in economic output growth. We present a political competition model with exogenous shocks to economic output where politicians can decide about the level of corruption and an election is held within the framework of a Bayesian game. Corruption is assumed to be harmful to the economy and politicians try to maximize income from corrupt activities as well as the probability of getting reelected. We show that independent of the absolute size of economic output growth a low degree of economic stability yields a high level of corruption and vice versa. Thus we conclude that not only does corruption influence economic activity, but also the opposite effect might exist, namely that exogenously caused fluctuations of output influence the readiness of politicians to behave in a corrupt manner. To support our theoretical findings we additionally carry out a cross-country empirical analysis of GDP growth variance and corruption and come to results confirming our thesis

Graphical method to predict the dynamic response of FM receivers

Graphical method determines the rms threshold point, saturation point, and operating points for an FM receiver utilizing various modulation indices and degrees of submodulation

On Scales of Sobolev spaces associated to generalized Hardy operators

We consider the fractional Laplacian with Hardy potential and study the scale of homogeneous $L^p$ Sobolev spaces generated by this operator. Besides generalized and reversed Hardy inequalities, the analysis relies on a H\"ormander multiplier theorem which is crucial to construct a basic Littlewood--Paley theory. The results extend those obtained recently in $L^2$ but do not cover negative coupling constants in general due to the slow decay of the associated heat kernel.Comment: Corrected some misprints. This is a pre-print of an article published in Mathematische Zeitschrift, available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00209-020-02651-

An Empirical Analysis of the Medical Informed Consent Doctrine: Search for a Standard of Disclosure

Informed consent and its conceptual equivalents, e.g., right-to-know, are increasingly important. The author discusses the development of the informed consent doctrine in tort cases and attempts to evaluate the consistency of its application. He concludes that it is difficult to separate that which must be disclosed from that which need not be. He also argues that much remains to be done in achieving the objectives of the informed consent doctrine

Psychosocial Risks of Storing and Using Human Tissues in Research

Dr. Merz argues that genetics technology makes it more compelling that researchers plan more carefully for the collection and disposition of information derived from subjects\u27 tissues and blood

In Support of Huber

The author takes exception to two recent reviews of GALILEO\u27S REVENGE

Time use and time budgets: Improvements, future challenges and recommendations

“Time-use statistics offer a unique tool for exploring a wide range of policy concerns including social change; division of labour; allocation of time for household work; the estimation of the value of household production; transportation; leisure and recreation; pension plans; and health-care programmes, among others” (United Nations). This expertise will discuss recent developments, improvements and future challenges of time use and time budgets for policy and research with focus on international and in particular German national developments. It is written in the sequel of the last German KVI commission report on the improvement of the information infrastructure between sciences and statistics. Topics are: recent :international time use institutions, data archives and surveys; German time use data bases and their access, actual time use research fields and studies; time use and economic and social policy; new methods in time use survey sampling, future developments and European and international challenges. The conclusions recommend first of all a new German Time Use Survey GTUS 2011/12 and urgently calls for its financing and start of organisation. Specific GTUS improvements, SOEP time use issues, a brand new time use panel and a permanent establishment of the German research data centres (RDCs) are recommended in addition.Time use, time budgets and time use surveys, time use data.

Time Use Dynamics in Paid Work and Household Activities of Married Women - A Panel Analysis with Household Information and Regional Labour Demand

The dynamics of multiple time use in paid work and in household activities with housework, child rearing and DIY of married women are analyzed with a two step procedure: the estimation of the participation decision in intertemporal labor force participation strategies (entering, leaving the labor market, permanently employed and not employed) by a multinomial logit approach is followed by a selectivity bias corrected simultaneous hours equations systems (C3SLS) estimation of the determinants of hours supplied in multiple time use activities. Microdata base is the German Socio-Economic Panel with four waves (1984-1987), where information of the household - including the husband's employment situation - is merged with regional economic and local labour demand indicators.Dynamics of multiple time use, market and non-market activities, female labour supply, multiple longitudinal labor and activity supply of married women, panel analysis with regional information, selectivity bias corrected simultaneous equations system estimation of multiple time use

The Distribution of Income of Self-employed, Entrepreneurs and Professions as Revealed from Micro Income Tax Statistics in Germany

As simple as it is, results describing the world are heavily dependent on the quality of the underlying data. One of the very crucial variables in microanalytical analyses of well-being and human resources is income. The more, when the situation of the self-employed is regarded. This paper focus on the distribution of income based on very sound data: the German Income Tax Statistic (Einkommensteuerstatistik) 1992. New is the actual possibility to use for the first time such a sound microdatabase to analyze the self-employed in particular: a 100.000 microdata sample of the population wide German Income Tax Statistic. New is the comparison between income from dependent and self-employed work with emphasis on the entrepreneurs and professions, and new is the indepth decomposition inequality analysis of the aggregated groups and of the single professions based on an inequality generalized entropy decomposition approach. One overall striking result is: the occupational status as an employee, entrepreneur or as a profession with its connected low between inequality share is by far not the overall driving factor to ‘explain’ the overall income distribution and inequality picture of the re-unified Germany; it is the within group inequality which counts in particular.Income distribution of self-employed, entrepreneurs, professions, income tax statistics, microanalysis, decomposition of inequality