617 research outputs found

    The Search for Supernova-produced Radionuclides in Terrestrial Deep-sea Archives

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    An enhanced concentration of 60Fe was found in a deep ocean's crust in 2004 in a layer corresponding to an age of ~2 Myr. The confirmation of this signal in terrestrial archives as supernova-induced and detection of other supernova-produced radionuclides is of great interest. We have identified two suitable marine sediment cores from the South Australian Basin and estimated the intensity of a possible signal of the supernova-produced radionuclides 26Al, 53Mn, 60Fe and the pure r-process element 244Pu in these cores. A finding of these radionuclides in a sediment core might allow to improve the time resolution of the signal and thus to link the signal to a supernova event in the solar vicinity ~2 Myr ago. Furthermore, it gives an insight on nucleosynthesis scenarios in massive stars, the condensation into dust grains and transport mechanisms from the supernova shell into the solar system

    AMS measurements of cosmogenic and supernova-ejected radionuclides in deep-sea sediment cores

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    Samples of two deep-sea sediment cores from the Indian Ocean are analyzed with accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) to search for traces of recent supernova activity around 2 Myr ago. Here, long-lived radionuclides, which are synthesized in massive stars and ejected in supernova explosions, namely 26Al, 53Mn and 60Fe, are extracted from the sediment samples. The cosmogenic isotope 10Be, which is mainly produced in the Earths atmosphere, is analyzed for dating purposes of the marine sediment cores. The first AMS measurement results for 10Be and 26Al are presented, which represent for the first time a detailed study in the time period of 1.7-3.1 Myr with high time resolution. Our first results do not support a significant extraterrestrial signal of 26Al above terrestrial background. However, there is evidence that, like 10Be, 26Al might be a valuable isotope for dating of deep-sea sediment cores for the past few million years.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, Proceedings of the Heavy Ion Accelerator Symposium on Fundamental and Applied Science, 2013, will be published by the EPJ Web of conference

    Collaborative Leadership and Student Success Perceptions of Chief Academic Affairs & Chief Student Affairs Officers at Midwestern Private Higher Education Institutions

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    This quasi-experimental study focused on collaborative leadership in higher education, emphasizing its potential impact on student success and career readiness. The 66 Chief Academic Affairs Officers (CAAOs) and Chief Student Affairs Officers (CSAOs) participants worked at Midwestern private higher education institutions, which were members of The Council of Independent Colleges (CIC) (n.d.). The participants completed Collaborative Leadership Self-Assessment Questionnaires (Turning Point, n.d.) that included a student success section, which was developed and added based on research topics presented by Kezar (2003) and Kezar and Holcombe (2020). The results showed no statistically significant differences in perceptions of collaborative leadership influencing student success and career readiness among the leaders based on age, gender, education, or years of experience. Other studies suggested that collaborative initiatives between academic and student affairs divisions can benefit student development in and out of class (Chen & Tull, 2023; Kezar, 2003; O’Connor, 2012; O’Hallan, 2019) and fortify students’ career readiness, which was crucial for students graduating and entering the workforce (Humphreys, 2013). Future research on collaborative leadership in higher education to support student and career readiness may yield viable results if more participants are involved, especially post-pandemic

    10Be in the Akademii Nauk ice core – first results for CE 1590-1950 and implications for future chronology validation

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    Temporal variations of the radionuclide 10Be are broadly synchronous across the globe and thus provide a powerful tool to synchronize ice core chronologies from different locations. We compared the 10Be record of the Akademii Nauk (AN) ice core (Russian Arctic) for the time period CE 1590–1950 to the 10Be records of two well-dated Greenland ice cores (Dye3 and NGRIP). A high correlation (r = 0.59) was found between the AN and Dye3 records whereas the correlation with NGRIP was distinctly lower (r = 0.45). Sources of deviations may include local fluctuations in the deposition of 10Be due to changes in the precipitation patterns, and artefacts due to the core-sampling strategy. In general, the existing age model was validated, confirming the AN ice core to be a unique and well-dated source of palaeoclimate parameters for the Russian Arctic. We further used numerical simulations to test the influence of the core-sampling strategy on the results and derived an optimized sampling strategy for the deeper parts of the ice core

    The Akademii Nauk ice core and solar activity

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    Ice cores are well established archives for paleo-environmental studies, but this requires a reliable ice core chronology. The concentration of cosmogenic radionuclides in ice cores reflects the solar activity in the past and can be used as dating tool for ice cores. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) allows the determination of nuclides in high resolution. Here we present results of a 10Be study in an ice core from Akademii Nauk (Severnaya Zemlya, Russian Arctic). AMS analyses of more than 500 samples were carried out using the 6 MV accelerator facility of the Ion Beam Centre of the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf. For the time period 400 to 2000 CE the temporal variations of 10Be reflect the centennial variations of solar activity known from similar studies of Greenlandic ice cores and from 14C production reconstructions. The 10Be peak of 775 CE, today understood as result of the strongest known solar particle storm, was found by high resolution core analysis. This peak is used as tie point (additionally to volcanic reference horizons) for the development of the depth-age relationship of the Akademii Nauk ice core. Indications of the so called “Carrington Event” of 1859 CE, 20 to 30 times weaker than 775 CE, could also be detected in the core

    Time resolved 2 million year old supernova activity discovered in Earth's microfossil record

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    Massive stars, which terminate their evolution as core collapse supernovae, are theoretically predicted to eject more than 1E-5 solar masses of the radioisotope 60Fe. If such an event occurs sufficiently close to our solar system, traces of the supernova debris could be deposited on Earth. Herein, we report a time resolved 60Fe signal residing, at least partially, in a biogenic reservoir. Using accelerator mass spectrometry, this signal was found through the direct detection of live 60Fe atoms contained within secondary iron oxides, among which are magnetofossils, the fossilized chains of magnetite crystals produced by magnetotactic bacteria. The magnetofossils were chemically extracted from two Pacific Ocean sediment drill cores. Our results show that the 60Fe signal onset occurs around 2.6 Ma to 2.8 Ma, near the lower Pleistocene boundary, terminates around 1.7 Ma, and peaks at about 2.2 Ma.Comment: Figures from the Supplementary Information are not included due to file size restrictions. Download the, now open access, original article for those details (see doi

    Year-round record of bulk and size-segregated aerosol composition in central Antarctica (Concordia site) Part 2: Biogenic sulfur (sulfate and methanesulfonate) aerosol

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    Multiple year-round (2006-2015) records of the bulk and size-segregated composition of aerosol were obtained at 15 the inland site of Concordia located in East Antarctica. The well-marked maximum of non-sea-salt sulfate (nssSO4) in January (84 ± 25 ng m-3 against 4.4 ± 2.3 ng m-3 in July) is consistent with observations made at the coast (280 ± 78 ng m-3 in January against 16 ± 9 ng m-3 in July at Dumont d’Urville, for instance). In contrast, the well-marked maximum of MSA at the coast in January (60 ± 23 ng m-3 at Dumont d’Urville) is not observed at Concordia (4.6 ± 2.4 ng m-3 in January). Instead, the MSA level at Concordia peaks in October (5.6 ± 1.9 ng m-3) and March (13.2 ± 6.1 ng m-3). As a result, a surprisingly low MSA to nssSO4 ratio (RMSA) is observed at Concordia in mid-summer (0.05 ± 0.02 in January against 0.25 ± 0.09 in March). We find that the low value of RMSA in mid-summer at Concordia is mainly driven by a drop of MSA levels that takes place in submicron aerosol (0.3 μm diameter). The drop of MSA coincides with periods of high photochemical activity as indicated by high ozone levels, strongly suggesting the occurrence of an efficient chemical destruction of MSA over the Antarctic plateau in mid-summer. The relationship between MSA and nssSO4 levels is examined separately for each season and indicates that concentration of non-biogenic sulfate over the Antarctic plateau does not exceed 1 ng m-3 in fall and winter and remains below 5 ng m-3 in spring. This weak non-biogenic sulfate level is discussed in the light of radionuclides (210Pb, 10Be, and 7Be) also measured on bulk aerosol samples collected at Concordia. The findings highlight the complexity in using MSA in deep ice cores extracted from inland Antarctica as a proxy of past DMS emissions from the southern ocean

    Leveraging Shared Experiences: How Collaboration Among Beginner, Intermediate, and Experienced Recruitment and Admission Professionals Can Transform Enrollment

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    Presentation Overview: Higher education recruitment and admission are influenced by processing applications and shaping enrollment outcomes. Also at the epicenter of this operation is building relationships between students, school counselors, and the admission counselors. The different ages and experience levels add various perspectives that can help move students through enrollment. The premise is that each counselor can help implement a more comprehensive and collaborative approach to supporting students throughout their educational journey. This support can be better garnered and channeled by exploring counselors\u27 professional and personal experiences that can help meet/exceed selected outcomes. This presentation focuses on how counselors can significantly enhance the student experience by fostering stronger connections and increasing student enrollment and success. Objective: The goal of this presentation is to demonstrate how the combined expertise and perspectives of counselors of different ages and years in the profession can create a more supportive approach to student recruitment, admission, enrollment, and success
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