Quality Similarity between Induced Agarwood by Fungus and Wild Agarwood

To prevent the exploitation of wild agarwood, the development of artificial agarwood through fungal inoculation is a promising method, but finding species that produce efficient high-quality agarwood remains difficult. In this study, a fungal inducer was prepared using wild agarwood containing fungi and high-throughput sequencing was performed to determine its species makeup. Subsequently, it was used to inoculate Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.) Spreng. The induced agarwood (IA), wild agarwood (WA), and nonresinous whitewood (WW) were analyzed for the extract content. In addition, liquid and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to determine the chemical composition of the samples. The results were used to evaluate the quality of the IA. Mortierella humilisLinnem. ex W.Gams, Oidiodendron maius(Barron), and Tolypocladium album(W. Gams) Quandt, Kepler, and Spatafora were the fungal inducers that were discovered to produce agarwood. The extracts from the IA and WA contained 64 and 69 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones, respectively, while there were none in the WW. Furthermore, 20 (relative content 36.19%) and 27 (relative content 54.92%) sesquiterpenes were identified in the essential oils of the IA and WA, respectively, and none were identified in the WW. The fungal inducer that was prepared from the WA effectively improves the quality of the agarwood, which is extremely similar to that of the WA

Taxonomic identification of entomogenous fungi of <i>Hemiberlesia pitysophila</i> based on their morphology.

<p>Taxonomic identification of entomogenous fungi of <i>Hemiberlesia pitysophila</i> based on their morphology.</p

Established phylogenetic tree of Pestalotiopsis and its related genera based on ITS sequences.

<p>ITS sequences were aligned using ClustalX (1.81). The phylogenetic tree construction were conducted with neighbour-joining method packaged in software MEGA 4.0. Bootstrap = 1000. <i>Diaporthe phaseolorum</i>, <i>Pleospora herbarum</i> and <i>Hypocrea schweinitzii</i> were used as the outgroup. The Scale bar shows 5% nucleotide substitutions.</p

Additional file 1 of The DNA barcode identification of Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen and Dalbergia tonkinensis Prain

Supplementary Material

Taxonomic identification of entomogenous fungi of <i>Hemiberlesia pitysophila</i> based on ITS sequences.

<p>Taxonomic identification of entomogenous fungi of <i>Hemiberlesia pitysophila</i> based on ITS sequences.</p

Mortality of <i>Hemiberlesia pitysophila</i> in virulence test.

<p>Mortality of <i>Hemiberlesia pitysophila</i> in virulence test.</p

Group composition of entomogenous fungi of <i>Herminerlesia pitysophila.</i>

<p>Group composition of entomogenous fungi of <i>Herminerlesia pitysophila.</i></p

The live and dead <i>H. pitysophila</i> were identified under a magnifier.

<p>Live insects were shown in A and dead ones in B. Both adults (arrow) and nymphs (arrow head) were observed in one leaf. Fungi were found on most dead ones (asterisk).</p

ANOVA of the adjusted mortality for five strains.

<p>ANOVA of the adjusted mortality for five strains.</p