Karakteristik Kepala Kala di Sumatra: Tinjauan Arkeologi Seni

in Hindu-Buddhist temples. The problem was, there were differences on Java with other areas, Kala head in Sumatra were located not only in the lintel but also in other part of sacred objects. The purpose of this research was to discuss characteristic of Kala head in Sumatra based on its components and art styles. Based on the problem this research reveals  characteristics  of  Kala  head  from  Padanglawas,  Padangroco,  and  South Sumatra. This research also discussed a comparative study of Kala head from Java, Southeast Asia (especially Khmer), and India. This research employed Archaeological Method  ranging  from  observation,  data  gathering,  analysis,  and  interpretation.  The results showed Sumatra Kala head has different concept background. The dissimilarities contained  in  the  different  location,  between  a  sacred  building  and  sacred  objects (stambha, stone base, and statue), different size, and decoration. Kala head in Sumatra is an independent figure without other figures (gods or makara) and other parts of bodies such as hand or claws on the Kala head from Sumatra. In conclusion, there were local Kala head art styles in Sumatra such as Padanglawas I, II, III, and Bumiayu.

Clothing Motifs Identification of the Guardian Statues in the Padang Lawas Temple Compounds

Sejumlah arca penjaga baik utuh maupun fragmentaris merupakan bagian dari banyak peninggalan periode klasik di Padang Lawas. Sejumlah objek arca penjaga yang ditemukan di area ini diketahui diwujudkan mengenakan jenis pakaian dengan motif yang beragam. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi variasi motif pakaian arca-arca penjaga dari Kompleks Kepurbakalaan Padang Lawas. Metode penelitian yang diterapkan adalah metode kualitatif yang digabungkan dengan studi komparasi terhadap busana arca sejenis dan motif tekstil lokal Sumatra Utara. Lokasi pengumpulan data penelitian merupakan lokasi asal dari ditemukannya arca-arca penjaga yang tersebar di Situs Bahal, Candi Sitopayan, dan Candi Sipamutung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan motif busana arca penjaga dari Padang Lawas lebih beragam dari arca sejenis dari wilayah lain di Sumatra dan Jawa. Busana arca penjaga dikelompokkan menjadi tiga jenis motif, motif busana A dan B terdapat di Kompleks Bahal dan Candi Sitopayan, dan motif busana C terdapat pada busana arca penjaga dari Candi Sipamutung. Berdasarkan analisis komparasi yang dilakukan terdapat kemiripan busana arca penjaga dari Padang Lawas dengan motif tekstil dari India dan Jawa serta motif dasar ulos dari Sumatra Utara khususnya Batak Angkola-Mandailing. Both intact and fragmentary, guardian statues are part of the many relics from the classical period in Padang Lawas. The guardian statues in this area are depicted wearing various types of clothing with diverse motifs. This research aims to identify variations in the clothing motifs of guardian statues from the Padang Lawas Temple Compounds. The research method applied is a qualitative method combined with a comparative study of similar sculpture clothing and local textile motifs of Sumatra Utara. The location of research data collection is the origin of the discovery of guardian statues scattered at the Bahal Site, Sitopayan Temple, and Sipamutung Temple. The research results showed that the clothing motifs of the guardian statues from Padang Lawas were more diverse than similar statues from other regions in Sumatra and Java. The clothing of the guardian statues is grouped into three motifs: motifs A and B from the Bahal Site and the Sitopayan Temple, and motifs C are shown on the clothing of guardian statues from the Sipamutung Temple. Based on the comparative analysis, there are similarities in the clothing of the guardian statues from Padang Lawas with textile motifs from India and Java and the basic motifs of ulos from Sumatra Utara, especially the Angkola-Mandailing Batak