Comparison of HIV co-receptors, CD4+ T cell activation markers, CD4+ MFI and Percent of CD4+ Cells Among Total T Cells between SCD patients and non-SCD controls.

Twenty four-hour old whole blood samples from SCD patient and non-SCD controls were labeled for CD4 T cells and incubated with antibodies to detect markers associated with HIV or cellular activation. Following incubation, surface expression of the HIV co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 and T cell trafficking molecule CCR7 were measured by flow cytometry (Panel A). MFI, mean fluorescence intensity between SCD patients and non-SCD controls were compared. Percent of CD4+ T cells expressing the activation markers CD38 or HLA-DR were measured and compared between SCD patients and non-SCD controls (Panel B). The intensity of expression of CD4+ amongst T cells (Panel C) and the percent of CD4+ T cells among total T cells (Panel D) was significantly higher in SCD patients compared to non-SCD controls. Mean and standard errors of the means for 30 SCD patients and 30 non-SCD controls are shown, *p<0.05.</p

HIV Infectivity of PBMCs from SCD Patients and non-SCD Controls.

CD8-depleted PBMC from SCD patients and non-SCD controls were infected with HIV NL4-3 (CXCR4-tropic) and 81-A (CCR5-tropic) at increasing MOI for six days. Following incubation, supernatants and cells were harvested for detection of HIV p24 (Panel A) and pro-viral load (Panel B) respectively. Mean and standard errors of the means for 30 SCD patients and 30 non-SCD controls are shown. Samples from four SCD patients and two non-SCD controls spanning a range of proviral load were assayed for integrated HIV DNA (Panel C). Five samples showed undetectable HIV DNA on both assays and are not graphed. The linear regression line of the log10 values is shown.</p

Cytokines and Chemokines Compared between SCD Patients (treated or not treated with HU) and non-SCD Controls.

Biomarkers tested are grouped into anti-inflammatory (AI), chemoattractant (CA), coagulation (CO), growth factor (GF) and pro-inflammatory (PI) functional categories. Relative increases in concentration are shown in red and decreases in blue. * significantly different between SCD patients and non-SCD controls (p<0.05 after FDR correction).</p

Odds of HIV Acquisition in TSS.

Odds of HIV Acquisition in TSS.</p

Baseline characteristics of participants in the transfusion safety study at study entry, by HIV status.

Baseline characteristics of participants in the transfusion safety study at study entry, by HIV status.</p

Demographics of 30 SCD Subjects Prospectively Enrolled to Investigate Mechanisms of Resistance to HIV.

Demographics of 30 SCD Subjects Prospectively Enrolled to Investigate Mechanisms of Resistance to HIV.</p

HIV Infectivity of Target MT-2 cells in the Presence of Plasma from SCD Patients or Plasma from Non-SCD Controls.

MT-2 cells maintained at log phase growth were infected with either HIV NL4-3 (Panel A) or 81-A virus (Panel B) at MOI of 10−2 in cultures spiked with 20% plasma from SCD patients or non-SCD controls. Following 7-day infections supernatants were measured for p24 by ELISA. Mean and SEM are shown. * p<0.05.</p

Systematic lab effects, fold-change from U. Pitt.

Posterior medians and 95% CIs shown.</p

Infection frequency and 95% CI estimated separately for each aliquot by maximum likelihood (i.e., not using the mixed effects statistical model, see Methods: “Analyzing aliquots separately”).

Cryopreserved aliquots are indicated by shaded symbols, fresh aliquots by open symbols. “Index i” is used in model output, and “Cohort ID” represents the identifier used in the SCOPE/OPTIONS cohort.</p

Effect of cryopreservation, fold-change (posterior median and 95% CI).

Effect of cryopreservation, fold-change (posterior median and 95% CI).</p