Image_1_Microbial Flora Changes in Cesarean Section Uterus and Its Possible Correlation With Inflammation.pdf

Background: It has not been fully elucidated whether the change of the uterus flora is correlated to impaired fecundity. This case-control study aimed to analyze the differences in uterus microbial flora between women with post-cesarean section (CS) scar diverticulum (PCSD) (CS group) and women after vaginal delivery (control group), exploring the correlation between differentially expressed microbial flora and inflammation.Methods: Infertile women who underwent hysteroscopy were enrolled in this case-control study. The swab samples were classified into four subgroups: CS cervix group, CS endometrium group, control cervix group, and control endometrium group. The total DNA obtained from 16 women (a total of 31 samples, the cervix or endometrium) was extracted for 16S recombinant DNA (rDNA) analysis. The Luminex platform was used to detect the abundance of 34 kinds of local inflammatory cytokines in 32 endometrium samples, and the correlation between microbial flora and inflammatory cytokines was analyzed.Results: The alpha and beta diversity analysis indicated that the microbial diversity was higher in the CS group compared to the control group, especially in endometrium tissues. The heatmaps revealed that the microbial flora structure differs at each level of the phylum-class-order-family-genus among the groups. The analysis of four of the most prominently changed microbial flora revealed that Lactobacillus in the cervix was significantly higher in the control group when compared with the cesarean section group (P Conclusion: The present results suggest that the disrupted uterus microbiota composition in women with CS may be closely associated with local inflammation. The interplay between the microbiota and the immune system may be linked to clinical disorders. The potential mechanisms require further exploration.</p

Table_1_Microbial Flora Changes in Cesarean Section Uterus and Its Possible Correlation With Inflammation.DOCX

Background: It has not been fully elucidated whether the change of the uterus flora is correlated to impaired fecundity. This case-control study aimed to analyze the differences in uterus microbial flora between women with post-cesarean section (CS) scar diverticulum (PCSD) (CS group) and women after vaginal delivery (control group), exploring the correlation between differentially expressed microbial flora and inflammation.Methods: Infertile women who underwent hysteroscopy were enrolled in this case-control study. The swab samples were classified into four subgroups: CS cervix group, CS endometrium group, control cervix group, and control endometrium group. The total DNA obtained from 16 women (a total of 31 samples, the cervix or endometrium) was extracted for 16S recombinant DNA (rDNA) analysis. The Luminex platform was used to detect the abundance of 34 kinds of local inflammatory cytokines in 32 endometrium samples, and the correlation between microbial flora and inflammatory cytokines was analyzed.Results: The alpha and beta diversity analysis indicated that the microbial diversity was higher in the CS group compared to the control group, especially in endometrium tissues. The heatmaps revealed that the microbial flora structure differs at each level of the phylum-class-order-family-genus among the groups. The analysis of four of the most prominently changed microbial flora revealed that Lactobacillus in the cervix was significantly higher in the control group when compared with the cesarean section group (P Conclusion: The present results suggest that the disrupted uterus microbiota composition in women with CS may be closely associated with local inflammation. The interplay between the microbiota and the immune system may be linked to clinical disorders. The potential mechanisms require further exploration.</p

Antioxidant activity of arrowhead protein hydrolysates produced by a novel multi-frequency S-type ultrasound-assisted enzymolysis

Effects of multi-frequency S-type ultrasound (MFSU) assisted arrowhead protein (AP) hydrolysis on the antioxidant activity of its hydrolysates were studied. The results showed the DPPH• and ABTS•+ scavenging activity of hydrolysates obtained with dual frequency ultrasound (20/40 kHz) was 63.61% and 65.11%, respectively, and was higher than that noted for hydrolysates acquired with assistance of other mode (single and triple frequency ultrasound). Compared with hydrolysates without ultrasonic treatment, products of AP hydrolysis assisted by dual frequency ultrasound (20/40 kHz) could significantly alleviate oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in RAW 264.7 cells, mainly embodied in improving the survival rate and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT and SOD). Taken together, these results showed that MFSU-assisted enzymatic treatment can significantly improve the antioxidant activity of AP hydrolysates. Thus, the development of the novel MFSU could lay a foundation for assisting the protein enzymolysis in food and pharmaceutical industries.</p