ISO/EPC Addressing Methods to Support Supply Chain in the Internet of Things

RFID systems are among the major infrastructures of the Internet of Things, which follow ISO and EPC standards. In addition, ISO standard constitutes the main layers of supply chain, and many RFID systems benefit from ISO standard for different purposes. In this paper, we tried to introduce addressing systems based on ISO standards, through which the range of things connected to the Internet of Things will grow. Our proposed methods are addressing methods which can be applied to both ISO and EPC standards. The proposed methods are simple, hierarchical, and low cost implementation. In addition, the presented methods enhance interoperability among RFIDs, and also enjoys a high scalability, since it well covers all of EPC schemes and ISO supply chain standards. Further, by benefiting from a new algorithm for long EPCs known as selection algorithm, they can significantly facilitate and accelerate the operation of address mapping.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1807.0217

A New Hybrid Method of IPv6 Addressing in the Internet of Things

Humans have always been seeking greater control over their surrounding objects. Today, with the help of Internet of Things (IoT), we can fulfill this goal. In order for objects to be connected to the internet, they should have an address, so that they can be detected and tracked. Since the number of these objects are very large and never stop growing, addressing space should be used, which can respond to this number of objects. In this regard, the best option is IPv6. Addressing has different methods, the most important of which are introduced in this paper. The method presented in this paper is a hybrid addressing method which uses EPC and ONS IP. The method proposed in this paper provides a unique and hierarchical IPv6 address for each object. This method is simple and does not require additional hardware for implantation. Further, the addressing time of this method is short while its scalability is high, and is compatible with different EPC standards

A survey on subjecting electronic product code and non-ID objects to IP identification

Over the last decade, both research on the Internet of Things (IoT) and real-world IoT applications have grown exponentially. The IoT provides us with smarter cities, intelligent homes, and generally more comfortable lives. However, the introduction of these devices has led to several new challenges that must be addressed. One of the critical challenges facing interacting with IoT devices is to address billions of devices (things) around the world, including computers, tablets, smartphones, wearable devices, sensors, and embedded computers, and so on. This article provides a survey on subjecting Electronic Product Code and non-ID objects to IP identification for IoT devices, including their advantages and disadvantages thereof. Different metrics are here proposed and used for evaluating these methods. In particular, the main methods are evaluated in terms of their: (i) computational overhead, (ii) scalability, (iii) adaptability, (iv) implementation cost, and (v) whether applicable to already ID-based objects and presented in tabular format. Finally, the article proves that this field of research will still be ongoing, but any new technique must favorably offer the mentioned five evaluative parameters.Comment: 112 references, 8 figures, 6 tables, Journal of Engineering Reports, Wiley, 2020 (Open Access

Sensitivity and Specificity of Procalcitonin in Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis

Background and Objective: According to the fact that neonatal infection is a challenging diagnosis field, several studies have tried to test sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests. This study was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of procalcitonin (PCT) as a single early marker of neonatal sepsis. Materials and Methods: In this study, 150 neonates admitted to NICU and neonatal ward in Shahrekord Hajar hospital were enrolled. A full workup including blood cultureand other tests and PCT was conductede. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for PCT was determined. Results: It was found out that 8 patients had definite infection, 15 patients had possible infection, and 127 patients had no infection. Although PCT was not able to significantly differentiate between those with definite and possible infections (p>0.05), but there was a significant difference for frequency of abnormal PCT between non-infectious patients and other patients. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of PCT was 87.5%, 87.4%, 30.4%, 99.1%, and 87.41% respectively. Conclusion: Beside the limitation of the sample size, the satisfactory diagnostic characteristics of PCT highlight it as a good measure for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Further studies are essential to be carried out

Optimal control and stability of four-wheeled vehicles

Two vehicular optimal control problems are visited. The first relates to the minimum lap time problem, which is of interest in racing and the second the minimum fuel problem, which is of great importance in commercial road vehicles. Historically, minimum lap time problems were considered impractical due to their slow solution times compared with the quasi-steady static (QSS) simulations. However, with increasing computational power and advancement of numerical algorithms, such problems have become an invaluable tool for the racing teams. To keep the solution times reasonable, much attention still has to be paid to the problem formulation. The suspension of a Formula One car is modelled using classical mechanics and a meta-model is proposed to enable its incorporation in the optimal control problem. The interactions between the aerodynamics and the suspension are thereby studied and various related parameters are optimised. Aerodynamics plays a crucial role in the performance of Formula One cars. The influence of a locally applied perturbation to the aerodynamic balance is investigated to determine if a compromise made in design can actually lead to lap time improvements. Various issues related to minimum lap time calculations are then discussed. With the danger of climate change and the pressing need to reduce emissions, improvements in fuel consumption are presently needed more than ever. A methodology is developed for fuel performance optimisation of a hybrid vehicle equipped with an undersized engine, battery and a flywheel. Rather than using the widely used driving cycles, a three-dimensional route is chosen and the optimal driving and power management strategy is found with respect to a time of arrival constraint. The benefits of a multi-storage configuration are thereby demonstrated. Finally, the nonlinear stability of a vehicle model described by rational vector fields is investigated using region of attraction (RoA) analysis. With the aid of sum-of-squares programming techniques, Lyapunov functions are found whose level sets act as an under-approximation to the RoA. The influence of different vehicle parameters and driving conditions on the RoA is studied

Effect of Increased Implant Crown Height on Fracture Strength of IPS-e.max CAD Hybrid Abutment Crown: An In-vitro Study

Introduction: The use of a secondary titanium insert has a beneficial influence on the stability of ceramic abutments and appears to be clinically useful for premolar and molar single-tooth replacements. Available titanium inserts in the market produced by Sirona, have a single height of 4.6mm with various platform diameters for different implant systems. The aim of this in-vitro study was to determine the fracture strength of IPS-e.max CAD hybrid abutment crowns with various crowns heights by simulating cyclic masticatory loads in vitro. Materials and Methods: Forty conical AstraTech EV dental implants, 4.2 mm in diameter and 9.0 mm in length were embedded 30 degree off-axis in acrylic resin blocks. Five groups (n=8/group) were designed to simulate the following treatment modalities for an implant crown #3i; Group 1 (control): Atlantis abutment and milled cemented zirconia crown with the dimensions of 11mm height, 10mm mesiodistal, 11mm buccolingual. Group 2: Atlantis CustomBase solution with milled cemented zirconia crown with the exact same dimensions as group 1. Groups 3, 4, 5: CAD/CAM hybrid abutment crown (TiBase) with the same mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions as group 1 and different heights of the crown which were 11mm for group 3, 13mm for group 4, and 15mm for group 5. Implant position and wax-up crown were scanned with the Omnicam intraoral scanner. Lithium disilicate glass ceramic blocks (IPS e.max) were used to mill the full contour crowns in a milling machine. 100N mechanical cyclic loading at 30 degree off-axis was applied to the palatal cusps of each specimen for 250,000 cycles. Then, all survived specimens were loaded at the same angle in the universal testing machine with dislocation speed of 0.5 mm/min which increased from 0 to1000N or when fracture or deformation occurred. Removal torque value was measured after mechanical cyclic loading as well as compressive loading. A mixed-effects general linear model was employed for comparison among five groups. R-Studio and R 3.2.2 were used for all statistical analysis, and significance was accepted at p \u3c 0.05. Results: All TiBase groups did not demonstrate any significant difference in the amount of reduction in removal torque values before and after compressive loading, compared to control group (CBS). Furthermore, in the two-by-two comparison, the difference between TiBase 11mm and 15 mm was statistically significant (p value: 0.048). The fracture resistance ranged from 673.24-759.77 N for group 5, and 809.1-994.28 N for group 4. Different pattern of failure occurred for TiBase groups after compressive load test including plastic deformation of TiBase, screw bending, screw fracture, and ceramic fracture. Conclusion: Under the limitations of this study, Lithium disilicate hybrid implant supported restorations (IPS e.max CAD hybrid-abutment-crowns) with various crown heights including 11,13,15 mm did not fail during the estimate of 1-year chewing simulation. Under 1000N compressive load, all of the 15mm and most of the 13mm crowns failed, demonstrating the significant effect of the TiBase height on final fracture strength and survival of the crowns. Additional laboratory and clinical studies are needed to study the effect of the various titanium base design and abutment characteristics on the fracture strength of the complete structure

Relationship between spirituality components with valued life in women with rheumatoid arthritis

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Background and Objective: Spirituality is a variable related to humans’ psychological and physical well-being. It plays an important, positive role in people suffering from chronic pain caused by the diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the role of this variable (i.e. spirituality) in predicting valued life in rheumatoid arthritis patients.Method: In this correlative descriptive study, 70 female rheumatoid arthritis patients were selected through the purposive non-random sampling method. They completed the Spirituality Insight Appraisal Questionnaire and Chronic Pain Values Inventory (CPVI). Data was analyzed by conducting Pearson correlation and multiple regression. In this study all ethical issues were observed and the researchers declared no conflict of interests.Results: The findings showed that spiritual ability (a spirituality component) accounted for 22% of the variation in valued life (p<.0001).Conclusion: When spirituality (i.e. spiritual ability) is manifested in the behavior of a person suffering from chronic pain, it will have a positive impact on their life values. However, if spirituality only remains at the level of ideology, it will not have a profound effect.For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Please cite this article as: Pourshahbazi M, Imani M, Sarafraz MR. Relationship between spirituality components with valued life in women with rheumatoid arthritis. J Res Relig Health. 2019; 5(2): 89- 100. doi: https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v5i2.1901

Lifestyle Changes, Mental Health, and Violence against Women during the Corona Outbreak

The present study is to examine lifestyle changes, mental health, and violence against women during the corona virus outbreak. The method of the present study is fundamental in terms of purpose and mode of data collection, a survey conducted in the form of a regression correlational research project. The population includes all married women living in the cities of Tehran and Shiraz in 2021. Among them, a sample of 193 subjects was selected by purposive sampling. The subjects answered the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), Questionnaire to Measuring Wife Abuse (QMWA), and Lifestyle Changes Questionnaire (LCQ) during the Covid-19 pandemic.  Data were analyzed with SPSS 22 software using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression. The results of the study showed that lifestyle changes had a negative significant relationship with mental health (p0.05). In addition, among the lifestyle changes examined, changes in sleep were significant predictors of mental health (p<0.01). Overall, the results suggest that the side effects of the Corona pandemic are severe and put women at risk for mental health problems. In addition, women may be exposed to abuse due to lifestyle changes caused by the Corona virus epidemic. Therefore, the negative impact of Corona virus on mental health and violence against women can be minimized through interventions, timely follow-up by individuals, and effective measures by society