EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SOLANUM TUBEROSUM WASTE AS DRILLING FLUID ADDITIVES

Environmental consideration is essential during the drilling process in oil and gas development. However, the existing additives used in Water-Based Mud (WBM) are unable to create an efcient, entirely eco-friendly drilling fuid system. At the same time, Solanum Tuberosum Russet Burbank Waste (STRBW) which ranks as the second most produced food waste, shows a potential to be used as an environmentally friendly additive. In this experimental work, full-set rheological measurements under fresh and aged conditions and the fltration properties of STRBW were investigated in diferent concentrations; 1.2 wt%, 1.4 wt%, 1.8 wt% and 2.2 wt%. The analysis was conducted according to American Petroleum Institute RP-13B-1 Standard. The result was compared with a commercial WBM additive, Polyanionic Cellulose Low Viscosity (PAC-LV). The characterisation of STRBW was performed through Thermogravimetry Analysis (TGA), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy dispersive X-ray (FESEM-EDX) and X-ray Difraction (XRD) analysis. The results showed that the microscopic appearance of STRBW was irregular and had rough. STRBW was degraded at 287°C, and it consisted of Carbon (C), Oxygen (O), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg). From XRD spectra, the existence of B-type starch was identifed in STRBW. To sum up, PAC-LV showed better rheological and fltration performance than STRBW at the same concentration. However, the performance of STRBW was enhanced as the concentration of STRBW increased up to 1.8 wt%. Other than decreasing the quantity of non-biodegradable waste thrown to the environment, these fndings indicated that STRBW has the potential to be utilised as a substitute for several standard chemical additives in the industry, such as polymers and fuid loss agents

LAND RIG

A land rig is a drilling rig used for onshore oil and gas exploration and production. These rigs are designed to drill boreholes into the earth to access subsurface reservoirs of oil and gas. Land rigs can vary in size and complexity depending on the depth and type of well being drilled, as well as the geological conditions. The main features of land rigs are portability and maximum operating depth. They are designed so that the derrick can be moved easily and reused for drilling new holes

OIL TANKER

An oil tanker is a large, specialized ship designed for transporting crude oil or refined petroleum products across oceans and seas. These vessels play a crucial role in the global oil supply chain, moving oil from production sites to refineries and distribution centers. Oil tankers vary in size, from small coastal tankers to massive ultra-large crude carriers (ULCCs), capable of carrying millions of barrels of oil. These vessels play a crucial role in the global energy supply chain by transporting crude oil from oil-producing regions to refineries and then delivering refined products like gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel to various destinations

SINGLE POINT ANCHOR RESERVOIR (SPAR)

A Single Point Anchor Reservoir (SPAR) platform is a type of offshore drilling and production platform used in the oil and gas industry. SPAR platforms are designed to operate in deep waters, often exceeding depths of 3,000 feet (900 meters). Unlike fixed platforms like jacket structures, SPAR platforms are floating structures that are moored to the seabed using a combination of anchors and mooring lines. SPAR platforms consist of a cylindrical hull that provides buoyancy. The hull extends deep into the water, reducing the impact of waves and ensuring stability

JACKET PLATFORM

A jacket platform is a type of offshore structure used primarily for oil and gas exploration and production. These platforms are designed to withstand harsh marine environments and provide a stable base for drilling and production operations. These steel jackets have tapering, truss-like structure with high strength, durability and fatigue resistance

SEMI SUBMERSIBLE

A semi-submersible platform is a type of floating offshore drilling and production platform used in the oil and gas industry. These platforms are designed to operate in deep waters and provide a stable working environment even in harsh marine conditions. Semi-submersibles are named for their partially submerged structure, which gives them excellent stability and resistance to waves, wind, and currents

LNG CARRIER

A Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Carrier is a specialized ship designed to transport liquefied natural gas across oceans. LNG is natural gas that has been cooled to approximately -162°C (-260°F), transforming it into a liquid state to reduce its volume and make it easier to transport. LNG carriers are vital for transporting natural gas from production facilities to consumption markets where pipelines are not feasible. These vessels are equipped with advanced technologies to handle the extreme cold temperatures and conditions associated with transporting liquefied natural gas

DRILLSHIP

A drillship is a maritime vessel designed for offshore drilling of new oil and gas wells or for scientific drilling purposes. Drillships are equipped with advanced drilling equipment and dynamic positioning systems, enabling them to operate in deep and ultra-deep waters, often up to 12,000 feet (3,660 meters) and beyond. These ships can be self-propelled, allowing them to move between drilling sites without the need for towing.Drillship use ‘dynamic positioning’ systems & are equipped with electric motors on the underside of the ships hull, capable of propelling the ship in any direction

JACK UP PLATFORM

A jack-up platform, also known as a jack-up rig, is a type of mobile offshore drilling unit (MODU) used primarily in shallow waters (typically up to 400 feet or 120 meters). These platforms are widely used for oil and gas exploration, drilling, and production. The key feature of a jack-up platform is its ability to "jack up" its legs, lifting the platform above the sea level to provide a stable working environment