Transient thermal analysis of a data centre cooling system under fault conditions

Data centres housing the IT infrastructure of large organisations constitute a considerable technical challenge to ensure 100% operational availability for mission critical IT systems. Specifying plant cooling systems to maintain suitable temperature levels and dissipate the heat generated can be carried out using industry standard design methods. However, accounting for perturbations in cooling due to failure of plant and restart of backup systems requires for faster thermal transients to be addressed than would normally be encountered in building system analysis. It is in this context that this paper describes the modelling and analysis of a 5 MW chilled water cooling system used for the cooling of a recently constructed UK data centre. The model has been developed using the TRNSYS software and includes a full model of the energy transfers for the data centre including chillers, hydraulic network, valve models and each of the 70 Room Air Conditioning Units. The coupling between the data centre air temperature levels and the cooler system has enabled a full assessment of the cooling system design in response to system perturbations. A number of scenarios are examined involving the failure of the chillers and how the inherent thermal inertia of the system plus additional inertia achieved through buffer vessels allowed a suitable design to be achieved. The detailed transient analysis model allowed the sizing of these vessels effectively and to gain a better understanding of the chilled water plant operation, both in normal conditions and in the case of failure

The Clergy in English-Canadian Fiction

The stress in the study of the clergy in Canadian fiction is on the clergyman's position in both the Church and society. The early novels, those written before 1920, are divided into two categories according to their common traits. The novels in the first category, the "evangelical romance," which is discussed in the first chapter, are found to have a surprisingly large number of common traits. Of these evangelical romances those of Ralph Connor were immensely popular when they were first written and until well on into the 1930's. Various factors in the novels account for the popularity. Although many of these features are no longer popular, Connor's novels ae still valuable for what they reveal of life in the early Canadian West and especially of the importance and nature of its religious life and its clergyman. Of the seven evangelical romances studies, Ernest Seton's The Preacher of Cedar Mountain is judged to be the best by modern standards. In the second chapter, seven "ecclesiastical" novels ae discussed. These novels have a number of features which clearly distinguish them from the evangelical romances. The seven are subdivided into two major groups. The first four novels discussed, The Lone Furrow, Committed to His Charge, Sunshine Sketches, and Arcadian Adventure's are all fairly objective in point of view and critical of laity and clergy. The miniters in the remaining three ecclesiastical novels are more like those in the evangelical novels, as are the laymen. The majority of clergymen and laymen in modern Canadian fection, which is discussed is chapter three, follow in the tradition of the first four ecclesiastical novels. The clergymen are discussed in two groups: six "prêtres manqué's" and three successful hypocrites. Ministers like those in the evangelical romances seem to have vanished from Canadian fiction, as do the devout churchmen of the second group of ecclesiastical novels. The peculiar nature of most of the clergymen in modern Canadian fiction reflects a decline in the importance of the church in society in general.Master of Arts (MA

Understanding Organizational Creativity: Relationships among Cross-level Variables and Creativity in Research and Development Organizations

We examined the association of creativity with creative personality, domain expertise, non-controlling supervision, and organizational learning culture, as well as cross-level interactions in R&D organizations. Using HLM, domain expertise and non-controlling supervision were found to be positively associated with creativity. Practical implications and recommendations for further research are provide

Aboriginal people made pottery and sailed to distant offshore islands thousands of years before Europeans arrived

Pottery was largely unknown in Australia before the recent past, despite well-known pottery traditions in nearby Papua New Guinea and the islands of the western Pacific. The absence of ancient Indigenous pottery in Australia has long puzzled researchers. In new research, we report the oldest securely dated ceramics found in Australia from archaeological excavations on Jiigurru (in the Lizard Island group) on the northern Great Barrier Reef located 600km south of Torres Strait. Our analysis shows the pottery was made locally more than 1800 years ago

Quality appraisal as a part of the systematic review: a review of current methods

Systematic reviews frequently underpin national and international practice guidelines. Different approaches to the systematic review process, in particular quality appraisal, have been advocated. This paper discusses these approaches and highlights possible limitations which might impact upon the validity of the conclusions drawn. Practical alternatives are offered upon which systematic reviews may be appraised and conducted

Politics and policy : Bill S-30 in the Canadian Senate.

Dept. of History, Philosophy, and Political Science. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1976 .M275. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 40-07, page: . Thesis (M.A.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1976

Innovation and incentives : role of the research funder in knowledge translation and scaling science

Thesis (DMed)--Stellenbosch University, 2020.ENGLISH SUMMARY : Research and innovation are vital to global sustainable development and human prosperity. However, it is well documented that the creation of knowledge does not ensure its effective and ethical application. In fact, studies indicate that knowledge is converted into action in slow, haphazard, and inequitable ways. This dissertation casts new light on this challenge by investigating an understudied component of knowledge translation (KT), the role of the research funder. This dissertation applied a multi-stream study design and mixed-methods data collection and analysis strategy. The research used an Integrated Knowledge Translation (IKT) approach which facilitated a focused and dynamic investigation, at the same time promoting relevance and uptake with the intended research-user, research funders. Stream one, Funders’ KT, initiates the dissertation using a single funder case study to construct a KT-focused evaluation protocol, and an international empirical scan of 26 health research funding agencies resulting in a state-of-the-art overview of how funders support KT. An unexpected and significant finding was the lack of empirical evidence guiding funders’ KT support. From this result, research streams two and three were born. Stream two, Scaling Science, investigates facilitators of research impact using a large multi-project review and in-depth case studies. Results include a typology of pathways to scale and four guiding principles for scaling impact. These innovations are converted into an action-oriented tool that will help researchers build evidenced practices into their research. Stream three, Research Quality Plus (RQ+), describes a novel evaluation framework for assessing research quality with KT in mind. The RQ+ approach is implemented in seven funder-based evaluations and the aggregate evaluation results are synthesized via meta-analysis. Results demonstrate that KT and scientific rigour can be pursued, accomplished, and assessed as equally valued dimensions of research quality. The validation of the RQ+ approach showcases a fresh and practical framework for funders and other science systems actors interested in KT and scaling science. Overall, the results of this dissertation fill a critical knowledge gap related to the role of the funder in research translation and impact. In turn, they demonstrate original and significant contributions to global academic knowledge and understanding of KT theory and practice. To convert this knowledge into action, practical guidance is developed, elaborated, and validated.ISISHWANKATHELO SESIXHOSA : Uphando neenguqu ezingobuchule zibalulekile kuphuhliso oluluqilima lwehlabathi jikelele nakwimpumelelo yabantu. Noko kunjalo, kushicilelwe ngokuthe gca ukuba ukudalwa kolwazi akuqinisekisi ukusebenza kwalo okukuko nokusetyenziswa kwalo kakuhle. Enyanisweni, izenzo zophononongo ziye zabonakalisa ukuba ulwazi luguqulwa ukuze lube ziintshukumo ngeendlela ezicothayo, ezingenacwangco nezingenabulungisa. Esi sincoko sakhela lo mngeni umkhanyo omtsha, ngokuphanda ngokungqalileyo inxalenye yoguqulo lolwazi (KT) esele iphononongwe kancinci, eyindima yomxhasi-ngezimali wophando. Esi sincoko sisebenzise uyilo lophononongo oluneenkalo eziliqela neqhinga lokuqokelela nokuhlalutya iinkcukacha elingengxubevange yemigaqo. Uphando luye lwaqhutywa ngokusebenzisa uGuqulo loLwazi ngokuHlangeneyo, -Integrated Knowledge Translation (IKT), ukuxhasa imfaneleko nosetyenziso ngumsebenzisi wophando ekujoliswe kuye: abaxhasi-ngezimali bophando. Uyilo lophononongo lwe-IKT oluneenkalo eziliqela luye lwabangela uphando olungqalileyo noluguquguquka lula. Inkalo yokuqala, yabaxhasi-ngezimali yoGuqulo loLwazi, i-Funders’ KT, iqalisa esi sincoko ngokusebenzisa isishwankathelo nesikena esijoliswe kwimeko yehlabathi jikelele see-arhente zabaxhasi-ngezimali ezingama-26. Isiphumo ibe luphengululo lodidi oluphezulu lwendlela abaxhasi-ngezimali abaxhasa ngayo i-KT (uGuqulo loLwazi). Okuthe kwafunyaniswa obekungalindelekanga nokubalulekileyo kukunqongophala kobungqina obuphathekayo obukhokela inkxaso yabaxhasi-ngezimali ngokujoliswe kwi-KT. Kweso siphumo, kuye kwavela inkalo yophando yesibini neyesithathu. Inkalo yesibini, Inzululwazi yokuKala, i-Scaling Science, iphanda abachopheli beziphumo zophando ngokusebenzisa uphengululo lweeprojekthi eziliqela nezishwankathelo zophononongo ngokunzulu. Iziphumo ziquka uludwe lwemizila yokukala neenqobo ezine ezikhokelayo kwiziphumo zokalo. Konke oku kuguqulwa ukuze kube sisixhobo esisekelezwe kwiintshukumo. Inkalo yesithathu, umGangatho woPhando onoChatha, i-Research Quality Plus (RQ+), uchaza izikhokelo zovavanyo ezitsha nezingaqhelekanga zokuhlola umgangatho wophando kuthathelwa i-KT ingqalelo. Indlela ye-RQ+ imiselwa ngeemvavanyo ezisixhenxe ezisekelwe kubaxhasi-ngezimali ize iqinisekiswe ngohlalutyo lweziphumo eziliqela (meta-analysis). Usetyenziso lwe-RQ+, nokushicilelwa kwalo kwirekhodi yemfundo neyomsebenzi, zibalula imeko entsha nengaqhelekanga yokucingwa kwakhona kovavanyo lophando. Iziphumo zesi sincoko ziphuhlisa isiseko solwazi lwendlela abaxhasi-ngezimali abanokuxhasa ngayo i-KT, zize zivule imizila emitsha yemisebenzi namaphepha-nkqubo elungiselelwe abaxhasi-ngezimali nangaphezulu. Izindululo ziyondlalwa ngokufanelekileyo.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING : Navorsing en innovasie is noodsaaklik vir wêreldwye volhoubare ontwikkeling en menslike vooruitgang. Nietemin is dit bekend dat die skepping van kennis geen waarborg is dat dit doeltreffend en eties toegepas sal word nie. Trouens, studies dui daarop dat kennis betreklik stadig, lukraak en ongelyk in aksie omgeskakel word. Hierdie verhandeling werp nuwe lig op hierdie uitdaging deur die rol van die navorsingsfinansier, ’n weinig bestudeerde komponent van kennistoepassing (“knowledge translation”, of “KT”), van nader te bekyk. Die verhandeling gebruik ’n multistroomstudieontwerp en ’n gemengdemetodestrategie vir datainsameling en -ontleding. Die navorsing is met behulp van ’n geïntegreerde kennistoepassings- (“IKT”- )benadering onderneem om relevansie en benutting onder die beoogde eindgebruikers, synde navorsingsfinansiers, aan te moedig. Die IKT-multistroomontwerp het ’n toegespitste en dinamiese ondersoek tot gevolg gehad. Die verhandeling open met die eerste stroom, Funders’ KT, wat ’n gevallestudie en ’n internasionale empiriese verkenning van 26 finansieringsagentskappe behels. Die resultaat is ’n aktuele oorsig van hoe finansiers KT ondersteun. ’n Onverwagte en beduidende bevinding was die gebrek aan empiriese bewyse om as grondslag vir finansiers se KT-ondersteuning te dien. Uit hierdie resultaat is die tweede en derde navorsingstrome geskep. Die tweede stroom, Scaling Science, bestudeer die fasiliteerders van navorsingsimpak met behulp van ’n multiprojekoorsig en dieptegevallestudies. Resultate sluit ’n tipologie van skaleringsroetes en vier rigsnoere vir skaleringsimpak in. Dít word dan in ’n aksiegerigte instrument omskep. Die derde stroom, Research Quality Plus (RQ+), beskryf ’n innoverende evalueringsraamwerk om navorsingsgehalte met KT in gedagte te beoordeel. Die RQ+-benadering word in sewe finansiergebaseerde evaluerings geïmplementeer en deur middel van meta-ontleding gestaaf. Die RQ+-toepassing, en die beskrywing daarvan in die akademiese en praktykrekord, bied ’n vindingryke metode om nuut oor navorsingsevaluering te dink. Die bevindinge van die verhandeling bied ’n kundigheidsbasis vir hoe finansiers KT kan ondersteun, en skep nuwe praktyk- en beleidsroetes vir navorsingsfinansiers én ander rolspelers. Aanbevelings word dienooreenkomstig aangebied.Doctora

Recreation of the terminal events in physiological integrin activation.

Increased affinity of integrins for the extracellular matrix (activation) regulates cell adhesion and migration, extracellular matrix assembly, and mechanotransduction. Major uncertainties concern the sufficiency of talin for activation, whether conformational change without clustering leads to activation, and whether mechanical force is required for molecular extension. Here, we reconstructed physiological integrin activation in vitro and used cellular, biochemical, biophysical, and ultrastructural analyses to show that talin binding is sufficient to activate integrin alphaIIbbeta3. Furthermore, we synthesized nanodiscs, each bearing a single lipid-embedded integrin, and used them to show that talin activates unclustered integrins leading to molecular extension in the absence of force or other membrane proteins. Thus, we provide the first proof that talin binding is sufficient to activate and extend membrane-embedded integrin alphaIIbbeta3, thereby resolving numerous controversies and enabling molecular analysis of reconstructed integrin signaling

Social, economic, and physical side effects impact PrEP uptake and persistence among transgender women in Peru.

INTRODUCTION: Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV-1 infection is over 99% effective in protecting against HIV acquisition when used consistently and appropriately. However, PrEP uptake and persistent use remains suboptimal, with a substantial gap in utilization among key populations who could most benefit from PrEP. In Latin America specifically, there is poor understanding of barriers to PrEP uptake and persistence among transgender (trans) women. METHODS: In April-May 2018, we conducted qualitative interviews lasting 25-45 min as part of an end-of-project evaluation of TransPrEP, a pilot RCT that examined the impact of a social network-based peer support intervention on PrEP adherence among trans women in Lima, Peru. Participants in the qualitative evaluation, all adult trans women, included individuals who either (1) screened eligible to participate in the TransPrEP pilot, but opted not to enroll (n = 8), (2) enrolled, but later withdrew (n = 6), (3) were still actively enrolled at the time of interview and/or successfully completed the study (n = 16), or (4) were study staff (n = 4). Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Codebook development followed an immersion/crystallization approach, and coding was completed using Dedoose. RESULTS: Evaluation participants had a mean age of 28.2 years (range 19-47). When describing experiences taking PrEP, participant narratives highlighted side effects that spanned three domains: physical side effects, such as prolonged symptoms of gastrointestinal distress or somnolence; economic challenges, including lost income due to inability to work; and social concerns, including interpersonal conflicts due to HIV-related stigma. Participants described PrEP use within a broader context of social and economic marginalization, with a focus on daily survival, and how PrEP side effects negatively contributed to these stressors. Persistence was, in some cases, supported through the interventions educational workshops. CONCLUSION: This research highlights the ways that physical, economic, and social side effects of PrEP can impact acceptability and persistence among trans women in Peru, amplifying and layering onto existing stressors including economic precarity. Understanding the unique experiences of trans women taking PrEP is crucial to informing tailored interventions to improve uptake and persistence