Regression slopes (in jumps per year) for each jump type, the difference (Δ), p-values (one-sided Student’s T-Test), and effect size (<i>d</i>).

Regression slopes (in jumps per year) for each jump type, the difference (Δ), p-values (one-sided Student’s T-Test), and effect size (d).</p

Trends of the average number of double, triple and quadruple jumps.

Trends of the average number of double, triple and quadruple jumps of the best five female (L) and male (M) athletes each who competed in the singles categories at the European and World Figure Skating Championships since the year 2005. Regression analysis was performed to show trends over time. The regression function and the coefficient of determination (R2) are shown for each group. (A) and (B): World Championships, (C) and (D): European Championships.</p

Trends of the average age.

Trends of the average age of the best five female (L) and male (M) athletes each who competed in the singles categories at the European and World Figure Skating Championships since the year 2000. Regression analysis was performed to show trends over time. The regression function and the coefficient of determination (R2) are shown for each group and indicate high variations in age.</p

Regression slopes of the average age (in years of age per year), the difference (Δ), p-values (one-sided Student’s T-Test), and effect size (<i>d</i>).

Regression slopes of the average age (in years of age per year), the difference (Δ), p-values (one-sided Student’s T-Test), and effect size (d).</p

Additional file 1 of Surgery goes EPA (Entrustable Professional Activity) – how a strikingly easy to use app revolutionizes assessments of clinical skills in surgical training

Additional file 1

sj-docx-1-car-10.1177_19476035221144744 – Supplemental material for Getting Cartilage Thickness Measurements Right: A Systematic Inter-Method Comparison Using MRI Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-car-10.1177_19476035221144744 for Getting Cartilage Thickness Measurements Right: A Systematic Inter-Method Comparison Using MRI Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative by Teresa Nolte, Simon Westfechtel, Justus Schock, Matthias Knobe, Torsten Pastor, Elisabeth Pfaehler, Christiane Kuhl, Daniel Truhn and Sven Nebelung in CARTILAGE</p

Displacement at the talo-navicular joint after 1000, 2000 and 4000 test cycles for dorsomedial and plantar plating.

Displacement at the talo-navicular joint after 1000, 2000 and 4000 test cycles for dorsomedial and plantar plating.</p

Biomechanical investigation of two plating systems for medial column fusion in foot - Fig 1

A) (left): Test setup with a left-foot specimen mounted for biomechanical testing and equipped with five retro-reflective marker sets for optical motion tracking, attached to the distal tibia, talus, navicular, cuneiform I and metatarsal I. The setup configuration allows full radiographic assessment by means of C-arm installed for mediolateral x-ray shots. B) (top right): Mediolateral exemplified x-ray of a specimen instrumented with dorsomedial fusion plate. C) (bottom right): Mediolateral exemplified x-ray of a specimen instrumented with plantar fusion plate.</p

Biomechanical investigation of two plating systems for medial column fusion in foot

<div><p>Background</p><p>Arthrodesis of the medial column (navicular, cuneiform I and metatarsal I) is performed for reasons such as Charcot arthropathy, arthritis, posttraumatic reconstruction or severe pes planus. However, the complication rate is still high and mainly resulting from inadequate fixation. Special plates, designed for medial column arthrodesis, seem to offer potential to reduce the complication rate. The aim of this study was to investigate biomechanically plantar and dorsomedial fusion of the medial column using two new plating systems.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Eight matched pairs of human cadaveric lower legs were randomized in two groups and medial column fusion was performed using either plantar or dorsomedial variable-angle locking compression plates. The specimens were biomechanically tested under cyclic progressively increasing axial loading with physiological profile of each cycle. In addition to the machine data, mediolateral x-rays were taken every 250 cycles and motion tracking was performed to determine movements at the arthrodesis site. Statistical analysis of the parameters of interest was performed at a level of significance p = 0.05.</p><p>Results</p><p>Displacement of the talo-navicular joint after 1000, 2000 and 4000 cycles was significantly lower for plantar plating (p≤0.039) while there was significantly less movement in the naviculo-cuneiform I joint for dorsal plating post these cycle numbers (p<0.001). Displacements in all three joints of the medial column, as well as angular and torsional deformations between the navicular and metatarsal I increased significantly for each plating technique between 1000, 2000 and 4000 cycles (p≤0.021). The two plating systems did not differ significantly with regard to stiffness and cycles to failure (p≥0.171).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>From biomechanical point of view, although dorsomedial plating showed less movement than plantar plating in the current setup under dynamic loading, there was no significant difference between the two plating systems with regard to stiffness and cycles to failure. Both tested techniques for dorsomedial and plantar plating appear to be applicable for arthrodesis of the medial column of the foot and other considerations, such as access morbidity, associated deformities or surgeon's preference, may also guide the choice of plating pattern. Further clinical studies are necessary before definitive recommendations can be given.</p></div

Displacement at the dorsal aspect of the three measured joints in both groups with plantar and dorsomedial plating (mean ± standard error of mean, SEM, mm) after 1000, 2000 and 4000 cycles, together with p-values from the statistical analysis.

<p>Displacement at the dorsal aspect of the three measured joints in both groups with plantar and dorsomedial plating (mean ± standard error of mean, SEM, mm) after 1000, 2000 and 4000 cycles, together with p-values from the statistical analysis.</p