MOESM1 of An optimised clearing protocol for the quantitative assessment of sub-epidermal ovule tissues within whole cereal pistils

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Barley ovules imaged at ×10 showing the outcomes of variations to the clearing protocol. Images presented as composites, generated by merging optical sections. A Ethanol dehydration prior to a 4-week (4w) gentle infiltration with Hoyer’s solution, then imaging samples directly after mounting on microscopy slides produced high clarity results in a longer time frame. B Samples gently infiltrated with Hoyer’s solution for 16 weeks (16w) then immediately imaged produced high-quality results. C Samples left mounted on microscope slides in a well ventilated storage box or for too long were not able to be imaged properly due to evaporation (+Evap) of the Hoyer’s solution, causing uneven illumination of the sample and in some cases accelerated degradation of the tissue, resulting in an unacceptably grainy image. D Rough sample collection and careless handling of the tissues results in damaged ovaries, which may disrupt the internal morphology of the ovule. The embryo sac is indicated by a dashed white line

of An optimised clearing protocol for the quantitative assessment of sub-epidermal ovule tissues within whole cereal pistils

of An optimised clearing protocol for the quantitative assessment of sub-epidermal ovule tissues within whole cereal pistil

Additional file 8: of Ostkpr1 functions in anther cuticle development and pollen wall formation in rice

Figure S4. Weight/Surface area ratio of WT and ostkpr1–2 anthers. The weight/surface area ratio of the anthers in the WT (blue squares) and ostkpr1–2 (red squares). (JPG 49 kb

Additional file 1: of Ostkpr1 functions in anther cuticle development and pollen wall formation in rice

Table S1. Allelism test of ostkpr1–2 with ostkpr1. (DOCX 22 kb

Additional file 6: of Ostkpr1 functions in anther cuticle development and pollen wall formation in rice

Table S3. Detailed cutin composition of the WT and ostkpr1–2 anthers. (DOCX 17 kb

Increasing the stability of <i>Lumbricus terrestris</i> erythrocruorin <i>via</i> poly(acrylic acid) conjugation

<p>Since donated red blood cells must be constantly refrigerated, they are often unavailable in remote areas and battlefields. The goal of this study was to synthesize a highly stable blood substitute that does not require refrigeration. Specifically, the extracellular haemoglobin (a.k.a. erythrocruorin, Ec) of the earthworm <i>Lumbricus terrestris</i> erythrocruororin (LtEc) was cross-linked with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and ethylene diamine (EDA). PAGE analysis of the LtEc nanoparticles reveals cross-linking between subunits, while dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy show that cross-linking significantly increases the size of the LtEc nanoparticles (164 ± 13.9 nm). Cross-linking also significantly increased the thermal stability of the LtEc nanoparticles by 10 °C (<i>T</i>_m = 72 ± 0.84 °C) relative to native LtEc (<i>T</i>_m = 62 ± 0.6 °C). In addition, while native LtEc rapidly dissociates at pH 9, the LtEc nanoparticles resist subunit dissociation up to pH 10. The oxygen affinity of the LtEc nanoparticles (P₅₀ = 6.85 ± 0.13 mm Hg) is much higher than native LtEc (P₅₀ = 26.67 ± 0.4 mm Hg), but the cooperativity (<i>n</i> = 2.43 ± 0.12) is not affected. Altogether, these results show that cross-linking LtEc with PAA and EDA provides a potential blood substitute with increased stability and oxygen affinity.</p

Additional file 4: of Ostkpr1 functions in anther cuticle development and pollen wall formation in rice

Figure S3. Amino acid sequences alignment of OsTKPR1 and AtTKPR1. Sequences were aligned using Clustal W. (DOCX 45 kb

Additional file 2: of Ostkpr1 functions in anther cuticle development and pollen wall formation in rice

Figure S1. Phenotypic comparison between WT and ostkpr1 T-DNA insertion mutant. a Plants after bolting. b Spikeltes after removal of the lemma and palea. c WT pollen grains stained with 2% I2-KI solution. d Stage 13 pollen grains of ostkpr1 stained with 2% I2-KI solution showing no pollen grains. e-j SEM observation for the WT (e, g, i) and ostkpr1 (f, h, j) anthers and pollens. e, f The epidermal surface of WT (e) and ostkpr1 (f) anthers. g, h SEM observation for the WT (g) and ostkpr1 (h) pollen grains. i, j The enlarged view of the surface of WT (i) and ostkpr1 pollen grains. Bars = 1 mm in b, 200 μm in c, d, 10 μm in e, f, 20 μm in g, h and 5 μm in i, j. (JPG 993 kb

Additional file 5: of Ostkpr1 functions in anther cuticle development and pollen wall formation in rice

Table S2. Detailed wax constituents in WT and ostkpr1–2 anthers. (DOCX 18 kb

Additional file 7: of Ostkpr1 functions in anther cuticle development and pollen wall formation in rice

Table S4. Primers used in this work. (DOCX 17 kb