Historic Institutionalism and Urban Morphology in Jakarta: Moving Towards Building Flood Resiliency into the Formal Planning and Development System

This paper examines issues around flooding and rapid urban development in Jakarta, specifically the manner in which the former has influenced the spatial growth of the city over time. It takes a historic-institutionalism perspective within the context of changing government responses to flood management, where previous approaches failed to take into consideration existing local ecology, flood patterns and natural drainage systems. Jakarta is slowly moving towards more sustainable and resilient approaches to flood management through pilot programmes aimed at reclaiming or restoring water bodies while creating urban green space to assist with water absorption, despite the local government not having incorporated sustainable flood management systems or mitigation measures into the formal planning system. This paper shows how flooding has influenced spatial development and urban morphology in the city historically, which has led the city administration to the realisation that new approaches are required. The methodology includes document and literature research, GIS as well as satellite based mapping and imagery to determine spatial development patterns and where additional mitigation measures may be required, as well as flooding and drainage documentation. The paper reveals a series of potential strategies for the initial stages of planning policy implementation and a potential framework for developing planning-incorporated measures at a wider scale across Jakarta’s affected areas. This study has wide implications for a number of large developing cities in the Global South that face multiple development challenges in addition to flooding

Multi-frequency Study of the LMC Supernova Remnant (SNR) B0513-692 and New SNR Candidate J051327-6911

We present a new multi-wavelength study of supernova remnant (SNR) B0513-692 in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). The remnant also has a strong, superposed, essentially unresolved, but unrelated radio source at its north-western edge, J051324-691049. This is identified as a likely compact HII region based on related optical imaging and spectroscopy. We use the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) at 4790 and 8640 MHz to determine the large scale morphology, spectral index and polarization characteristics of B0513-692 for the first time. We detect a strongly polarized region (49%) in the remnant's southern edge. Interestingly we also detect a small (~40 arcsec) moderately bright, but distinct optical, circular shell in our Halpha imagery which is adjacent to the compact HII region and just within the borders of the NE edge of B0513-692. We suggest this is a separate new SNR candidate based on its apparently distinct character in terms of optical morphology in 3 imaged emission lines and indicative SNR optical spectroscopy (including enhanced optical [SII] emission relative to Halpha).Comment: 12 page

The ionization mechanism of NGC 185: how to fake a Seyfert galaxy?

NGC 185 is a dwarf spheroidal satellite of the Andromeda galaxy. From mid-1990s onwards it was revealed that dwarf spheroidals often display a varied and in some cases complex star formation history. In an optical survey of bright nearby galaxies, NGC 185 was classified as a Seyfert galaxy based on its emission line ratios. However, although the emission lines in this object formally place it in the category of Seyferts, it is probable that this galaxy does not contain a genuine active nucleus. NGC 185 was not detected in radio surveys either in 6 or 20 cm, or X-ray observations, which means that the Seyfert-like line ratios may be produced by stellar processes. In this work, we try to identify the possible ionization mechanisms for this galaxy. We discussed the possibility of the line emissions being produced by planetary nebulae (PNe), using deep spectroscopy observations obtained with GMOS-N, at Gemini. Although the fluxes of the PNe are high enough to explain the integrated spectrum, the line ratios are very far from the values for the Seyfert classification. We then proposed that a mixture of supernova remnants and PNe could be the source of the ionization, and we show that a composition of these two objects do mimic Seyfert-like line ratios. We used chemical evolution models to predict the supernova rates and to support the idea that these supernova remnants should be present in the galaxy.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Bacteria Use Type IV Pili to Walk Upright and Detach from Surfaces

1. Department of Bioengineering, California Nano Systems Institute,University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA. 2. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA. 3. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA. 4. Department of Civil Engineering and Geological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.Bacterial biofilms are structured multicellular communities involved in a broad range of infections. Knowing how free-swimming bacteria adapt their motility mechanisms near surfaces is crucial for understanding the transition between planktonic and biofilm phenotypes. By translating microscopy movies into searchable databases of bacterial behavior, we identified fundamental type IV pili–driven mechanisms for Pseudomonas aeruginosa surface motility involved in distinct foraging strategies. Bacteria stood upright and “walked” with trajectories optimized for two-dimensional surface exploration. Vertical orientation facilitated surface detachment and could influence biofilm morphology.Center for Nonlinear Dynamic