15 research outputs found
Distribution of personal UVR across environmental and meteorological factors.
<p><sup>a</sup>Represents 837 days with exposure measurements from 123 participants the Unites States Radiologic Technologists’ study. <sup>b</sup>Associations between personal daily UVR and continuous latitude, ambient UVR, rainfall, temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity are significant at the 0.05 alpha level.</p
Distribution of average daily personal UVR (J/m<sup>2</sup>) across individual factors for 123 participants from the United Radiologic Technologists’ study.<sup>a</sup>
a<p>Daily UVR values averaged over the week for each of 123 participants.</p>b<p>P-values from Kruskal-Wallis test of heterogeneity of medians.</p>c<p>P for trend from log-linear regression with continuous age and BMI.</p>d<p>Includes arthritis, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis, scleroderma, and lupus.</p
Cross validation of predicted vs. personal UVR dose for 4 nested models.
<p>Cross validation of predicted vs. personal UVR dose for 4 nested models.</p
Leisure time physical activity and hazard ratio of mortality and years of life gained after age 40.
<p>Years of life expectancy gained after age 40 were derived using direct adjusted survival curves <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001335#pmed.1001335-Ghali1" target="_blank">[31]</a>,<a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001335#pmed.1001335-Makuch1" target="_blank">[32]</a> for participants who were 40+y of age at baseline (97.5% of participants).</p>a<p>HRs were calculated in models stratified by study that used age as the underlying time scale. Multivariable models were adjusted for gender, alcohol consumption (0, 0.1–14.9, 15.0–29.9, 30.0+ g/d), education (did not complete high school, completed high school, post-high-school training, some college, completed college), marital status (married, divorced, widowed, unmarried), history of heart disease, history of cancer, BMI (<18.5, 18.5–19.9, 20–22.4, 22.5–24.9, 25–27.4, 27.5–29.9, 30+ kg/m<sup>2</sup>), and smoking status (never, former, current).</p
Leisure time physical activity and multivariable hazard ratio of mortality and years of life gained after age 40 for all participants and according to gender and race/ethnicity.
<p>HRs were calculated in models stratified by study that used age as the underlying time scale. Multivariable models were adjusted for gender, alcohol consumption (0, 0.1–14.9, 15.0–29.9, 30.0+ g/d), education (did not complete high school, completed high school, post-high-school training, some college, completed college), marital status (married, divorced, widowed, unmarried), history of heart disease, history of cancer, BMI (<18.5, 18.5–19.9, 20–22.4, 22.5–24.9, 25–27.4, 27.5–29.9, 30+ kg/m<sup>2</sup>), and smoking status (never, former, current). If a covariate was a stratification variable for a particular model, then it was excluded from multivariable adjustment. Years of life expectancy gained after age 40 were derived using direct adjusted survival curves <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001335#pmed.1001335-Ghali1" target="_blank">[31]</a>,<a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001335#pmed.1001335-Makuch1" target="_blank">[32]</a> for participants who were 40+y of age at baseline (97.5% of participants).</p
Leisure time physical activity and multivariable hazard ratio of mortality and years of life gained after age 40 according to smoking and co-morbidity status.
<p>HRs were calculated in models stratified by study that used age as the underlying time scale. Multivariable models were adjusted for gender, alcohol consumption (0, 0.1–14.9, 15.0–29.9, 30.0+ g/d), education (did not complete high school, completed high school, post-high-school training, some college, completed college), marital status (married, divorced, widowed, unmarried), history of heart disease, history of cancer, BMI (<18.5, 18.5–19.9, 20–22.4, 22.5–24.9, 25–27.4, 27.5–29.9, 30+ kg/m<sup>2</sup>), and smoking status (never, former, current). If a covariate was a stratification variable for a particular model, then it was excluded from multivariable adjustment. Years of life expectancy gained after age 40 were derived using direct adjusted survival curves <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001335#pmed.1001335-Ghali1" target="_blank">[31]</a>,<a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001335#pmed.1001335-Makuch1" target="_blank">[32]</a> for participants who were 40+ y of age at baseline (97.5% of participants).</p>a<p>Years of life expectancy gained after age 60. Cancer and/or heart disease were uncommon prior to this age in our dataset.</p>b<p>Participants who had never smoked and who had no history of heart disease or cancer.</p
Leisure time physical activity and multivariable hazard ratio of mortality, stratified by cohort.
<p>HRs (95% CIs) were calculated in models that used age as the underlying time scale. Multivariable models were adjusted for gender, alcohol consumption (0, 0.1–14.9, 15.0–29.9, 30.0+ g/d), education (did not complete high school, completed high school, post-high-school training, some college, completed college), marital status (married, divorced, widowed, unmarried), history of heart disease, history of cancer, BMI (<18.5, 18.5–19.9, 20–22.4, 22.5–24.9, 25–27.4, 27.5–29.9, 30+ kg/m<sup>2</sup>), and smoking status (never, former, current).</p>a<p>Meta-analysis estimates were calculated using DerSimonian and Laird random effects models <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001335#pmed.1001335-DerSimonian1" target="_blank">[29]</a>, and statistical heterogeneity was assessed by the <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> statistic <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001335#pmed.1001335-Higgins1" target="_blank">[30]</a>.</p><p>AARP, NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study; ref, reference; USRT, U.S. Radiologic Technologists cohort; WHS, Women's Health Study; WLH, Women's Lifestyle and Health study.</p
Leisure time physical activity level and hazard ratios for mortality and gains in life expectancy after age 40.
<p>The points shown represent the HR (A) or years of life gained (B) for each of the physical activity categories examined, and the vertical lines represent the 95% CIs for that physical activity category. The reference category for both (A) and (B) is 0.0 MET-h/wk of leisure time physical activity. The lines connecting the points help to illustrate the dose–response relationship between physical activity and risk of mortality; the shape of the association shown here is similar to that obtained using spline modeling (<a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001335#pmed.1001335.s001" target="_blank">Figure S1</a>). HRs were calculated in models stratified by study that used age as the underlying time scale. Multivariable models were adjusted for gender, alcohol consumption (0, 0.1–14.9, 15.0–29.9, 30.0+ g/d), education (did not complete high school, completed high school, post-high-school training, some college, completed college), marital status (married, divorced, widowed, unmarried), history of heart disease, history of cancer, BMI (<18.5, 18.5–19.9, 20–22.4, 22.5–24.9, 25–27.4, 27.5–29.9, 30+ kg/m<sup>2</sup>), and smoking status (never, former, current). Years of life expectancy gained after age 40 were derived using direct adjusted survival curves <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001335#pmed.1001335-Ghali1" target="_blank">[31]</a>,<a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001335#pmed.1001335-Makuch1" target="_blank">[32]</a> for participants who were 40+ y of age at baseline (97.5% of participants).</p
Years of life expectancy lost after age 40 in relation to joint categories of physical activity level and body mass index.
<p>The bars indicate the number of years of life lost for each category, and the vertical lines are the 95% CIs. The reference category is normal weight and 7.5+ MET-h/wk of physical activity (i.e., meeting US recommended physical activity levels). Normal weight is a BMI of 18.5–24.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, overweight is a BMI of 25.0–29.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, obese class I is a BMI of 30.0–34.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, and obese class II+ is a BMI of 35.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup> or greater. Years of life expectancy lost after age 40 were derived using direct adjusted survival curves <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001335#pmed.1001335-Ghali1" target="_blank">[31]</a>,<a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001335#pmed.1001335-Makuch1" target="_blank">[32]</a> for participants who were 40+ y of age at baseline and not underweight (96.5% of participants). Life expectancy models used age as the underlying time scale and were adjusted for gender, alcohol consumption (0, 0.1–14.9, 15.0–29.9, 30.0+ g/d), education (did not complete high school, completed high school, post-high-school training, some college, completed college), marital status (married, divorced, widowed, unmarried), history of heart disease, history of cancer, and smoking status (never, former, current).</p
Prevalence of demographic and lifestyle characteristics according to physical activity level.
<p>Prevalence of demographic and lifestyle characteristics according to physical activity level.</p