Multiple State Representation Scheme for Organic Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells: A Novel Analysis Perspective

The physics of organic bulk heterojunction solar cells is studied within a six state model, which is used to analyze the factors that affect current-voltage characteristics, power-voltage properties and efficiency, and their dependence on nonradiative losses, reorganization of the nuclear environment, and environmental polarization. Both environmental reorganization and polarity is explicitly taken into account by incorporating Marcus heterogeneous and homogeneous electron transfer rates. The environmental polarity is found to have a nonnegligible influence both on the stationary current and on the overall solar cell performance. For our organic bulk heterojunction solar cell operating under steady-state open circuit condition, we also find that the open circuit voltage logarithmically decreases with increasing nonradiative electron-hole recombination processes.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

SOSIALISASI TATA CARA TEKNIK SAMBUNG PUCUK (GRAFTING) PADA TANAMAN MANGGA (MANGIFERA)

Program Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) merupakan salah satu proses pembelajaran serta bentuk pengabdian mahasiswa kepada masyarakat banyak dan secara langsung mengidentifikasi serta menangani masalah-masalah yang sedang di hadapi masyarakat di daerah tertentu. Pemberdayaan teknik sambung pucuk (grafting) pada tanaman mangga (Mangifera) dilaksanakan pada tanggal 20, November 2023 di Desa Passo, Kec. Baguala, Kota Ambon. kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan sekaligus tata cara melakukan teknik sambung pucuk yang baik dan benar, guna menjadi solusi dari masalah pada budidaya tanaman rambutan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode demplot (Demonstrasi Plot) yaitu salah satu metode penyuluhan dengan cara membuat lahan percontohan sehingga petani sebagai pelaku utama bisa melihat dan membuktikan dari objek yang didemonstrasikan. Hasil dari pemberdayaan teknik sambung pucuk pada tanaman rambutan adalah para masyrakat mengetahui teknik sambung pucuk (grafting) yang baik dan benar dan bisa merealisasikan langsung pada tanaman budidaya mereka sendiri

Is the Bardeen-Petterson effect responsible for the warping and precession in NGC 4258?

Strong evidence for the presence of a warped Keplerian accretion disc in NGC4258 (M 106) has been inferred from the kinematics of water masers detected at sub-parsec scales. Assuming a power-law accretion disc and using constraints on the disc parameters derived from observational data, we have analyzed the relativistic Bardeen-Petterson effect driven by a Kerr black hole as the potential physical mechanism responsible for the disc warping. We found that the Bardeen-Petterson radius is comparable to or smaller than the inner radius of the maser disc (independent of the allowed value for the black hole spin parameter). Numerical simulations for a wide range of physical conditions have shown that the evolution of a misaligned disc due to the Bardeen-Petterson torques usually produces an inner flat disc and a warped transition region with a smooth gradient in the tilt and twist angles. Since this structure is similar to that seen in NGC 4258, we propose that the Bardeen-Petterson effect may be responsible for the disc warping in this galaxy. We estimated the time-scale necessary for the disc inside of the Bardeen-Petterson radius to align with the black hole's equator, as a function of the black hole spin. Our results show that the Bardeen-Petterson effect can align the disc within a few billion years in the case of NGC 4258. Finally, we show that if the observed curvature of the outer anomalous arms in the galactic disc of NGC 4258 is associated with the precession of its radio jet/counterjet, then the Bardeen-Petterson effect can provide the required precession period.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in The Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Societ

Conservación de servicios ecosistémicos en humedales altoandinos: la participación social en la creación de un área natural protegida

The goal of the present work is synthesizing the process of collective construction developed to protect the high-altitude wetlands of the Blanco River basin, located in the Andes Mountains, Mendoza province. The participatory process arose out of an initiative of basin residents and users, and was conducted by the Integrative Committee for Creation of Potrerillos Municipal Environmental Protected Area (MEPA), composed of civil society organizations, government agencies and scientific institutions. The major pressures affecting the wetlands, identified through participatory assessment of the socio-ecosystem are: water pollution, reduction and total loss of habitat, stoppage of of groundwater flows, artificial drainage, poldering of the meadow, and fragmentation of the wetland system, among other pressures.In order to identify priority sites for conservation of the ecosystem services (ES) wetlands provide, local people identified and prioritized the six most important of them according to their perception: water for human consumption, agriculture and industry; aesthetic, spiritual and non-use representations; recreation and ecotourism; erosion control; water regulation and regulation of the biotic environment. The areas supplying ES were identified on the map of land use and land cover of the basin, with the wetland area, with tourist use and water catchment, and the watershed?s headwaters standing out as areas with higher ES provision. This process culminated in the creation of a protected area to halt the intense degradation affecting the wetland system, promoting maintenance of the natural area and improving its provision of ES. This collective process allowed integrating local and scientific knowledge, becoming an experience to be replicated in other areas in terms of conservation and land management. Among its major strengths is a strong coordination between the different social actors involved, which allowed success in reaching the implementation stage of a public policy for conservation.El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en sintetizar el proceso de construcción colectiva desarrollado con el fin de proteger los humedales de altura pertenecientes a la cuenca del Río Blanco de Potrerillos, localizados en la Cordillera de Los Andes, Provincia de Mendoza. El proceso participativo surgió ante una iniciativa de los pobladores locales y usuarios de la cuenca, y fue conducido por la Comisión Integradora para la Creación del Área Ambiental Protegida Municipal (AAMP) Potrerillos, integrada por organizaciones de la sociedad civil, instituciones gubernamentales y organismos científicos. Las principales presiones que afectan al humedal, identificadas a través del diagnóstico participativo del socioecosistema son: contaminación del agua, reducción y pérdida total de hábitat, corte del flujo de alimentación, drenaje artificial, polderización definitiva de vegas, fragmentación del sistema hidrológico, entre otras. A fin de determinar los sitios prioritarios para la conservación de servicios ecosistémicos (SE) que brinda el Sistema de humedales, la población local identificó y priorizó los seis más importantes de acuerdo a su percepción: agua para consumo humano, agricultura e industria; representaciones estéticas, espirituales y de no uso; recreación y ecoturismo; regulación de la erosión; regulación del ciclo hídrico y del ambiente biótico. Sobre el mapa de uso y cobertura de la tierra de la cuenca, fueron identificadas sus zonas proveedoras, destacándose el área de humedales con uso turístico y captación de agua, y las cabeceras de cuencas hídricas como las zonas con mayor provisión de SE. Este proceso culminó con la creación de un área natural protegida para detener el proceso de degradación intensiva que afecta al humedal, lo cual promueve el mantenimiento y la mejora de sus SE. Este proceso colectivo permitió integrar saberes locales con conocimiento científico, y se constituyó como una experiencia a replicar en otros territorios en el plano de la conservación y del ordenamiento territorial. Entre sus principales fortalezas se destaca la articulación sólida entre los diferentes actores sociales involucrados, que permitió alcanzar con éxito la etapa de implementación de una política pública de conservación.Fil: Rubio, María Clara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; ArgentinaFil: Rubio, María Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; ArgentinaFil: Salomon, Mario. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Abraham, Elena Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; Argentin

Unidirectional hopping transport of interacting particles on a finite chain

Particle transport through an open, discrete 1-D channel against a mechanical or chemical bias is analyzed within a master equation approach. The channel, externally driven by time dependent site energies, allows multiple occupation due to the coupling to reservoirs. Performance criteria and optimization of active transport in a two-site channel are discussed as a function of reservoir chemical potentials, the load potential, interparticle interaction strength, driving mode and driving period. Our results, derived from exact rate equations, are used in addition to test a previously developed time-dependent density functional theory, suggesting a wider applicability of that method in investigations of many particle systems far from equilibrium.Comment: 33 pages, 8 figure

Asociación entre trauma infantil y trastornos de salud mental en adolescentes durante la segunda ola pandémica de COVID-19 en Chiclayo, Perú

Introducción: Estudios previos han evaluado la salud mental de adolescentes, sin embargo existe evidencia no concluyente sobre la influencia del trauma infantil en el desarrollo de síntomas depresivos y ansiosos. El objetivo fue determinar la asociación entre el trauma infantil y problemas de salud mental en escolares de Chiclayo-Perú, durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico en 456 adolescentes escolares de nivel secundaria de tres colegios de Chiclayo, Perú. Se evaluó la asociación entre trauma infantil (Cuestionario de Trauma de Marshall) y la presencia de síntomas depresivos (PHQ-9) y síntomas ansiosos (GAD-7). Adicionalmente, se exploraron las siguientes covariables: alcohol (AUDIT), resiliencia (CD RISC Abreviado), disfuncionalidad familiar (APGAR Familiar) y datos socioeducativos. Se estimaron razones de prevalencia (RP) con regresión múltiple, usando modelos lineales generalizados (GLM). Resultados: El 76.3% (IC95%: 72.14-80.15) presentó síntomas depresivos y el 62.3% (IC95%: 57.65-66.75) síntomas ansiosos. Los adolescentes con trauma infantil tenían 23% (RP: 1.23) y 55% (RP: 1.55) mayor frecuencia de síntomas depresivos y ansiosos; respectivamente. Adicionalmente, se encontraron otros factores asociados a mayor frecuencia de síntomas depresivos:búsqueda de soporte mental (RP: 1.12) y la disfunción familiar severa (RP: 1.28). Tener disfunción familiar leve (RP: 1.30), moderada (RP: 1.47) y severa (RP: 1.37) incrementaron la frecuencia de síntomas ansiosos. Conclusiones: Estos resultados sugieren que los escolares expuestos a trauma infantil son vulnerables a depresión y ansiedad. Se encontró que 7 y 6 de cada 10 estudiantes presentaban sintomatología depresiva y ansiosa; respectivamente. Se requiere abordar la salud mental de los adolescentes en situaciones de trauma con estrategias y programas educativos, así como intervenciones oportunas. Es esencial que los responsables de la toma de decisiones asignen suficientes recursos para abordar esta problemática en los adolescentes.Introduction: Previous studies have assessed the mental health of adolescents; however, there is inconclusive evidence regarding the influence of childhood trauma on the development of depressive and anxious symptoms. The objective of this study was to determine the association between childhood trauma and mental health problems in schoolchildren from Chiclayo, Peru, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 456 secondary school adolescents from three schools in Chiclayo, Peru. The association between childhood trauma (Marshall Trauma Questionnaire) and the presence of depressive symptoms (PHQ-9) and anxious symptoms (GAD-7) was evaluated. Additionally, the following covariates were explored: alcohol (AUDIT), resilience (Abbreviated CD RISC), family dysfunction (Family APGAR), and socio-educational data. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were estimated using multiple regression analysis with generalized linear models (GLM). Results: 76.3% (95% CI: 72.14-80.15) presented depressive symptoms, and 62.3% (95% CI: 57.65-66.75) presented anxious symptoms. Adolescents with childhood trauma had a 23% (PR: 1.23) and 55% (PR: 1.55) higher frequency of depressive and anxious symptoms, respectively. Additionally, other factors associated with a higher frequency of depressive symptoms were mental support seeking (PR: 1.12), and severe family dysfunction (PR: 1.28). Having mild (PR: 1.30), moderate (PR: 1.47), and severe (PR: 1.37) family dysfunction increased the frequency of anxious symptoms. Conclusions: These findings suggest that school-age children exposed to childhood trauma are vulnerable to depression and anxiety. It was found that 7 out of 10 students presented depressive symptoms, and 6 out of 10 students presented anxious symptoms. Addressing the mental health of adolescents in trauma situations requires the implementation of educational strategies, programs, and timely interventions. Decision-makers need to allocate sufficient resources to address this issue in adolescents

Pneumococcal carriage, serotype distribution and risk factors in children with community-acquired pneumonia, 5 years after introduction of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Ethiopia

Background: There is a scarcity of data on pneumococcal serotypes carried by children in Ethiopia. We studied pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage rate, serotypes, and risk factors among children with community acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods: A prospective observational cohort study was performed in children with CAP, aged 0-15 years, in 2 pediatric emergency departments in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Nasopharyngeal swabs were cultured, and serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae were determined by sequencing the cpsB gene and by the Quellung reaction. Risk factors were analyzed by using binary logistic regression. Results: Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 362 children with CAP. Pneumococcal carriage rate was 21.5% (78 of 362). The most common serotypes were 19A (27%), 16F (8.5%), and 6A (4.9%). In addition, 8.5% of the pneumococcal isolates were nontypeable. In bivariate analysis, children with a parent that smokes were more likely to carry pneumococci (crude odds ratio, 3.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-12.3; P =.023) than those with parents that do not smoke. In multivariable analysis, living in a house with >= 2 rooms (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.48; 95% CI, 0.28-0.82; P =.007) and vaccination with = 2 doses of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) (AOR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.15-0.92; P =.033) were protective of pneumococcal carriage. Conclusions: Five years after introduction of PCV10 in Ethiopia, the vaccine-related serotype 19A was predominant in the nasopharynx of children with CAP. Continued evaluation of the direct and indirect impact of PCV10 on pneumococcal serotype distribution in Ethiopia is warranted

Nata De Coco Production with Addition of Antocyanin from Mangosteen Peel Extract

Mangosteen peel is rich antioxidant compounds which are very beneficial for human health and this potential is being utilized by the community. Mangosteen peel extract contains anthocyanin compounds. Anthocyanin are considered as active compounds whose consumption is associated with beneficial health effects. Nata de coco has many benefits for health, especially digestion, because of its high fiber content, low calories, and does not contain cholesterol. This research examines the optimum operating conditions of the nata de coco production process with the addition of mangosteen peel anthocyanin extract and the characteristics of the resulting nata de coco. This research study was carried out with various variables including: The ratio between mangosteen peel extract and coconut water (1:19 and 9:1 (v/v)), fermentation time 10 and 13 days), and Acetobacter xylinum volume (2,5% and 10%). During the research, the water content of the mangosteen peel was analyzed for yield and Total Anthocyanin Content. The result product were tested in thickness, weight, organoleptic, pH, crude fiber content, and Total Anthocyanin Content of Nata de Coco