Additional file 3: Figure S3. of Inactivation of MSMEG_0412 gene drastically affects surface related properties of Mycobacterium smegmatis

Growth curve of M. smegmatis strains in Minimal medium. M. smegmatis wild type, GM1, GM2 strains were grown in minimal medium containing 0.2 % (w/v) glucose or 1%t ween 80 as the only carbon source. and OD600nm determined every 3 hours. For each strains the data reported in graph are the mean of three independent experiments. (JPG 710 kb

Proteins of the fruit pulp of <i>Acca sellowiana</i> have antimicrobial activity directed against the bacterial membranes

Acca sellowiana is an evergreen plant that produces edible fruit whit high nutritional properties, and also contains clinically relevant bioactive compounds, including polyphenols and essential oils. Numerous biological activities were demonstrated for A. sellowiana fruits: antifungal and antitumoral and anti-oxidant. It was also showed a strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Fruit are generally considered recalcitrant plant tissues for the difficulty to obtain high quality protein due to a low protein content and the presence of interfering substances. For this reason, the objective of the present work was obtain high quantity of protein extract, to determine the location in the fruit of the molecules responsible for the antibacterial activity, separate them according to molecular weight, test their thermo resistance, study the timing of action, isolate the protein fraction having activity and hypothesise a mechanism of action directed against bacterial membranes.</p

Additional file 2: Figure S2. of Inactivation of MSMEG_0412 gene drastically affects surface related properties of Mycobacterium smegmatis

Chemical analysis of total lipids. Total lipids were extracted from whole wt, GM1 and GM2 cells and analyzed by TLC. (JPG 483 kb

Anti-<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> activity of hemlock (<i>Conium maculatum, Apiaceae</i>) essential oil

<p><i>Conium maculatum</i> is a nitrophilous weed belonging to the Apiaceae family and occurring in hedgerows, pastures, waste ground, along rivers and roadsides. Little is known on the chemistry and bioactivity of other secondary metabolites occurring in the plant. In the present work, we have analysed the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils hydrodistilled from leaves and inflorescenes of <i>C. maculatum</i> growing in Sicily, Italy. The composition of essential oils was achieved by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, whereas the inhibitory effects on the growth of two Gram negative strains, namely <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> were assessed by two different analysis. The essential oils exhibited different chemical profiles (1-butylpiperidine and myrcene in the inflorescenes), (mostly (<i>E</i>)-caryophyllene in the leaves). The latter oil was particularly active in inhibiting the growth of <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. These results shed light on the possible application of hemlock essential oils as antimicrobial agents.</p

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Inactivation of MSMEG_0412 gene drastically affects surface related properties of Mycobacterium smegmatis

Growth curve of M. smegmatis strains in LB medium. M. smegmatis wild type and GM1 strains were grown in LB medium containg 0,05 % tween 80 and OD600nm determined every 3 hours. For each strains the data reported in graph are the mean of three independent experiments. (JPG 601 kb

Additional file 2: of The identification of a novel Sulfolobus islandicus CAMP-like peptide points to archaeal microorganisms as cell factories for the production of antimicrobial molecules

Figure S2. Comparison of antimicrobial activity of GKY20 and VLL-28 against E. coli strain

Chemical composition, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities of Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. mucilage collected in Sicily, Italy

In this work the mucilage obtained from the cladodes of a not previously investigated accession of Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. (syn. Opuntia dillenii (Ker-Gawl) Haw), collected in Sicily, was analysed by 13C-NMR. The yield of mucilage extracted from cladodes in aqueous medium was 2.55%. The monosaccharides identified, after acidic hydrolyses of the mucilage, were arabinose (36.48%), galactose (32.31%), xylose (15.33%), glucose (10.45%) and rhamnose (5.40%). The mucilage showed a sufficient antimicrobial activity and excellent antioxidant property.</p

Bioactive Terpenes from <i>Spongia officinalis</i>

The terpene metabolite pattern of Mediterranean Spongia officinalis was chemically investigated. This study resulted in the isolation of a series of sesterterpenes and C21 furanoterpenes, according to the literature data on this sponge. Four new oxidized minor metabolites (compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4) were isolated along with six known compounds of the furospongin series (compounds 5–8, 9, and 10) and three scalarane sesterterpenes (compounds 11–13). Interestingly, tetrahydrofurospongin-2 (6) and dihydrofurospongin-2 (7), which were among the main metabolites, induced biofilm formation by Escherichia coli. All compounds isolated were also assayed for antibacterial and antifungal properties

Additional file 1: of The identification of a novel Sulfolobus islandicus CAMP-like peptide points to archaeal microorganisms as cell factories for the production of antimicrobial molecules

Figure S1. (A) Binding analysis of VLL-28 and GABA to dsDNA. (B) EMSA analysis of the binding to dsDNA of VLL-28 alone or in the presence of 30% TFE

<i>Daucus carota</i> subsp. <i>maximus</i> (Desf.) Ball from Pantelleria, Sicily (Italy): isolation of essential oils and evaluation of their bioactivity

Daucus is a genus of economically important plants belonging to Apiaceae family spread in temperate regions. Species of this genus are used as food and several biological properties have reported. The chemical composition of the essential oils from different organs (roots, stems and flowers) of Daucus carota subsp. maximus, a species not previously investigated, was analyzed by GC-MS. Our results showed the presence of β-phellandrene as the most abundant component of stems and flowers and of γ-terpinene as a major compound of the oil from the roots. Flower essential oil caused a greater increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) cells compared to stem and root essential oils. The antimicrobial activity of the flower and stem oil were more effective, compared to root oil, against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.</p