Judgement of the Court of Justice of the EU in Case C-282/20 and the Intermediate Stage of the Bulgarian Criminal Procedure Code

The article discusses the judgement of the Court of Justice of the EU in case C-282/20 and the relevant Bulgarian legislation. It comes to the conclusion that the defendant’s right to information, as provided for in Art. 6(3) of Directive 2012/13 and in Art. 47 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, is guaranteed in the Bulgarian Criminal Procedure Code, though in one case it has to be applied by analogy. Hence, it is not necessary for the principle of consistent interpretation of national law to be applied.</jats:p

Specifics of the Special Surveillance Means in Bulgarian Criminal Procedure

The article discusses the special surveillance means as established in the Bulgarian Code of Criminal Procedure (CCP). Their specifics are analysed and compared with the classical, traditional means of investigation under the CCP. In many aspects the differences are considered significant. Besides, the use of special surveillance means comes at a significant ‘price’. All this justifies the conclusion that their procedural use should be ultima ratio.</jats:p

Lernereinstellungen zum Nutzen des Spiels beim Fremdsprachenerwerb : eine explorative empirische Studie

Boyanova Marinova G. Lernereinstellungen zum Nutzen des Spiels beim Fremdsprachenerwerb : eine explorative empirische Studie. Bielefeld: Universität Bielefeld; 2007.Durch die empirische Studie werden Antworten auf Fragenkomplexe der wechselseitigen Beziehung von individuell variierenden Faktoren und universellen Fremdsprachenerwerbsprozessen gesucht. Forschungsobjekt sind die subjektiven Einstellungen erwachsener Fremdsprachenlernender zu Sprachlernspielen in Bezug auf ihre Nützlichkeit für den eigenen (individuellen) Fremdsprachenerwerb. Verfolgt werden zwei globale Ziele: ein theoretisches: die Spielaktivitäten in der Fremdsprachenunterrichtsrealität einem System von Regeln entsprechend in einem geschlossenen Modell nachprüfbar zu rekonstruieren (Kriterium der Wahrheit) und ein praktisches: mit Hilfe der Forschungsergebnisse ein rationales Herangehen an FU-Spiele und dadurch effektiveres Lernen im FU zu ermöglichen (Kriterium der Nützlichkeit). Die konkreten Ziele der empirischen Untersuchung sind: – Isolierung und Benennung relevanter fremdsprachenspezifischer Dimensionen, die hinter den subjektiven Einschätzungen der Lernenden über die Wirksamkeit von Spielen (und anderen Fremdsprachenaktivitäten) stehen und diese erklären können, – Typisierung der Lernereinstellungen zum Spielen im Fremdsprachenunterricht und – Formulierung von Hypothesen auf Grund der Resultate

Body Composition, Biochemical Indicators, Grip Strength and Gait Speed among Women with Hyperthyroidism // Телесен състав, биохимични показатели, сила на захват и скорост на ходене при жени с хипертиреоидизъм

The thesis aims to assess the relationship between hyperthyroidism and body composition, grip strength and walking speed and some biochemical indicators. A cross-sectional case-control study was conducted. A total of 90 women over the age of 18, affected by hyperthyroidism, as well as healthy controls, were studied. Inclusion criteria were newly diagnosed and untreated hyperthyroidism. Healthy controls were similar in gender and age. After processing the results, we made several conclusions. Women with hyperthyroidism have lower values of anthropometric indicators. Untreated hyperthyroidism leads to a change in body composition, with bone mass and the amount of skeletal muscle being most affected. Grip strength and walking speed are significantly reduced. The decrease in TSH and the increase in FT3, TPO Ab and TRAb are associated with a decrease in the ASMI index and grip strength. The decrease in TSH is also associated with a decrease in walking speed, skeletal muscle and bone mass. Biochemical indicators do not correlate with the distribution of body composition. Hyperthyroidism can affect skeletal muscle qualitatively and quantitatively, to the extent of developing secondary sarcopenia. It predisposes to an earlier onset of sarcopenia, and the age at which it should be specifically sought among these individuals is 54 years.Целта на научното изследване е да се оцени връзката на хипертиреоидизма с телесния състав, сила на захват и скорост на ходене и някои биохимични показатели. Проведе се срезово проучване тип „случай-контрола“. Изследвани са общо 90 жени на възраст над 18 години, засегнати от хипертиреоидизъм, както и здрави контроли. Включващи критерии са новодиагностициран и нелекуван хипертиреоидизъм. Здравите контроли са сходни по пол и възраст. След обработката на получените резултати, направихме няколко извода. Жените с хипертиреоидизъм са с по-ниски стойности на антропометричните показатели. Нелекуваният хипертиреоидизъм води до промяна в телесния състав, като в най-голяма степен са засегнати костната маса и количеството скелетна мускулатура. Сигнификантно намаляват силата на захват и скоростта на ходене. Спадането на TSH и покачването на FT3, TPO Ab и TRAb е свързано с намаляване на индекса ASMI и силата на захват. Понижението на TSH е свързано и с намаляване на скоростта на ходене, скелетната мускулатура и костната маса. Биохимичните показатели не корелират с разпределението на телесния състав. Хипертиреоидизмът може да засяга скелетната мускулатура качествено и количествено, до степен на развитие на вторична саркопения. Той предразполага към по-ранна поява за саркопения, като възрастта, след която трябва да се търси целенасочено сред тези лица е 54 години

Multivariate assessment of atmospheric deposition studies in Bulgaria based on moss biomonitors: trends between the 2005/2006 and 2015/2016 surveys

This study aims to investigate the changes in atmospheric deposition trends in Bulgaria, studied using the moss biomonitoring technique since 1995. For the first time, a paired (site-wise) comparison was performed after a critical review of the sampling networks and adjusting for location, the distance between the sampling points, and moss species. Data from the 2005/2006 and 2015/2016 moss surveys were chosen as instrumental neutron activation analysis was employed in both to determine the content of 34 elements (Al, As, Ba, Br, Ca, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Hf, I, K, La, Mn, Na, Nd, Ni, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, Ta, Tb, Th, Ti, Tm, U, V, W, Yb, Zn). In addition, Cd, Cu, and Pb were determined using complementary analytical methods: inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy in 2015/2016 and atomic absorption spectroscopy in 2005/2006. For the subset of 57 routinely sampled locations in Bulgaria, hierarchical clustering on principal components and multiple factor analysis (MFA) were applied to assess the spatial trends in the 10 years elapsed between the surveys, as well as to characterise the origin of the determined elements. Elevation and distance between the sampling points were used as additional variables in the multiple factor analysis plane to ascertain their effect on the overall variance in the datasets. Distribution maps were constructed to illustrate the deposition patterns for the pollutant Pb. The results were consistent with decreased industrial output in the country, increased coal combustion and transport pollution, and construction of roads.Web of Scienc

Biomonitoring of elemental atmospheric deposition: spatial distributions in the 2015/2016 moss survey in Bulgaria

In the most recent 2015/2016 campaign of the European-scale moss survey, Bulgaria joined for the fifth consecutive time. To investigate elemental atmospheric deposition patterns, 115 samples of moss biomonitors were collected. Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used to maximize the number of elements determined, including trace elements. The content of 34 elements was measured. Spatial and temporal variability trends and multivariate analysis indicated that coal mining and coal combustion for electricity production and domestic heating are major anthropogenic factors affecting the ecological situation in the country, followed by effects related to the construction of roads and related traffic pollution.Web of Scienc