Precision measurements of rare kaon decays

We report the recent results on rare kaon decays from the NA48/2 experiment. The precise measurement of direct photon emission (DE) in the decay K+- -> pi+- pi0 gamma and its interference (INT), with the INT amplitude being observed for the first time, has been finalized. This study is based on the full NA48/2 data set with about 600k reconstructed K+- -> pi+- pi0 gamma decays which is factor of 30 larger than for previous experiments. Samples of about 7200 reconstructed K+- -> pi+- e+ e-, and more than 3000 K+- -> pi+- mu+ mu- events, with very small background contamination, have been collected. The latter is exceeding the total existing statistics by a factor of five. A precise measurement of the branching fractions and the form factors of the rare decays K+- -> pi+- l+ l- has been performed using different theoretical models. The CP violating asymmetry between K+ and K- in this channel is also measured.Comment: Proceedings to the EPS-HEP09 conference, 4 pages, 2 figure

K Rare Decays with NA62

The long-term goal of NA62 is to measure the ultra rare K+/- -> pi+/- nu anti-nu decay with a sensitivity of 10^-12 per event. This is done by using the decay - in - flight technique which allows a signal acceptance of ~10% . The aim is to collect about 100 signal events in two years of data taking with a background to signal ratio smaller than 10%. The principle of the experimental measurement and the layout of the detector are presented. During 2007/2008 a dedicated run devoted to NA62 prototype tests and study of K_e2 decays was taken. The first phase of the NA62 experiment is aiming at a high precision test of the lepton universality by measuring the helicity suppressed ratio R_K. The preliminary result based on 40% of the 2007 NA62 data sample, R_K = K_e2/K_mu2 = (2.500 +/- 0.016) x 10^-5, which is the first result with a precision better than 1%, is consistent with the Standard Model. Aiming at charge asymmetry measurements, the NA48/2 experiment collected an unprecedented amount of charged K_(3 pi) events. The large samples allowed a precision measurement of rare charged kaon decays. New measurements of the K+/-_(pi l l) decays based on the full NA48/2 data sample collected during 2003/2004 are reported in this paper. Samples of about 7200 reconstructed K+/- -> pi+/- e+ e- events, and more than 3000 K+/- -> pi+/- mu+ mu- events, with a few percent background contamination, have been collected. A precise measurement of the branching fractions and the form factors of the rare decays K+/-_(pi l l)$ were performed. Measurements of the CP-violating and the forward-backward asymmetries are reported.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings to 24th Rencontres De Physique De La Vallee D'Aoste,La Thuile, Aosta, Italy, 28 Feb-6 Mar 201

The NA62 RICH detector

The RICH detector of the NA62 experiment is proposed for pion - muon separation and to contribute to the first level of the trigger. The design parameters of the detector and the results of test beams performed at CERN in 2007 and 2009 with a prototype are presented.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures, To appear in the proceedings of 12th Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detectors (IPRD10), Siena, Italy, 7-10 June 201

IMPACT OF NIGHT SHIFT WORK AND LONG WORKING HOURS ON HEALTH OF BULGARIAN PHYSICIANS

Night shift work and long working hours are associated with an increased risk of some chronic diseases like cardiovascular, endocrine, digestive diseases and others. The aim of the study was to follow the impact of night shift work and long working hours on health of Bulgarian physicians. A cross-sectional anonymous survey, comprising 761 physicians of age 44.3±14.1 years, and including information on work place variables, working hours and shift system was carried. The health status questionnaire included a list of 13 groups of diseases diagnosed by a physician. Statistical analyses were carried out with SPSS. 63.7% of the physicians worked rotating shifts, mainly 12- hour shifts (49.7%) and 67.5% had a history of night work. Overtime and multiple work places were common, contributing to long working hours/week with 38.5% working 41–50 hours/week, 27.8% - 51–60 hours/week and 13.7% - >61 hours/week. Results showed that the highest rate of cardiovascular diseases was in ex night shift workers both for males (F=18.728, p61 hours/week, except for the rate of cardiovascular diseases in female physicians, the highest in those working 20-40 hours/week. Work schedule was a predictor of cardiovascular diseases and mental disorders; history of night work was a predictor of digestive diseases. Our data contribute to the evidence that night shift work and long working hours increase health risk

Analysis of the pharmacoeconomic effectiveness of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors therapy in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in a Single Hematology Center in Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Summary: Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a pluripotent hemopoietic stem cell malignancy characterized by the presence of a BCR-ABL1 fusion gene derived from a balanced translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 9 and 22 [t(9;22) (q34; q11)] known as the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. CML is an acquired hematopoietic stem cell disease common to myelo- and lymphopoiesis, characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of granulopoiesis (Shuvaev et al. 2015; Yordanov and Varbanova 2019). Relevance and goals: Second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) (nilotinib, dasatinib, and bosutinib) have an advantage over imatinib (first-generation) in the frequency and speed of achieving cytogenetic and molecular responses in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), but they cause severe adverse effects and are much more expensive than imatinib, especially if we compare them to the prices of the registered generic products of Imatinib and Dasatinib. “Novartis Tasigna® trial shows superior results to Glivec® in patients with early-stage chronic myeloid leukemia”, reported on 10/20/2021 by Pierre Perrin-Montlouis. In the first direct comparison of these two oral therapies back in 2009 (Тasigna (nilotinib) 2009), as first-line treatment for CML, the results of Tasigna showed statistically significant improvement over Glivec in every measure of efficacy, including major molecular response (MMR), complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) and prevention of progression to accelerated or blast phase, with responses achieved faster in the Tasigna group than in the Glivec group. Furthermore, in the last ten years, CML patients who have achieved a stable deep molecular response for at least 2 years have been included in clinical trials for the management of treatment-free remission (TFR) (Kim et al. 2013; Saußele et al. 2016). On the other hand, the ever-increasing costs of diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of the response of CML to the various therapeutic strategies require conducting pharmacoeconomic analyses of the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility types in order to evaluate which are the cost-effective strategies with a view to introducing them into therapeutic practice. The present study aims to analyze the pharmacoeconomic efficiency of the TKI inhibitors used by the patients with CML-CP in the first and second lines, treated in the hematology clinic at UMHAT “St. George”, MU- Plovdiv during the period 2018–2022. Methods: An economic analysis of the medicinal use of TKIs for a 5-year period (2018–2022) was performed at the national level according to data from the National Health Insurance Fund and the availability, accessibility, and usability of original and generic TKIs in Bulgaria were evaluated. The direct medical costs for the therapy of all patients were calculated, including the costs of the TKI therapy, laboratory tests, and monitoring of the molecular response for the entire treatment period from the appointment of the TKI therapy until the end of 2022. A comparative analysis was conducted to assess the cost-effectiveness of the different therapeutic strategies with TKIs on the first and second lines of treatment of patients with CML-CP in the hematology clinic at UMHAT “St. George” Medical University, Plovdiv, using the decision analysis method and conducting one-way and probalistic sensitivity analyses. Results: The sensitivity analyzes of all pharmacoeconomic models showed the robustness and reliability of the obtained results. The threshold limits of medical costs and the frequency of achieving a deep molecular response determining the choice of first- and second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors as first- and second-line therapy for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in the chronic phase have been determined. Prescribing doctors prefer the original MPs to generic analogues, which is also assumed by the current regulations, according to which even for expensive MPs dispensing by protocols, the prescription is by trade and not by international non-proprietary names (INN), which is why the use of the much cheaper generic MPs is negligibly low compared to original MPs. A personalized approach to the patient’s therapy and monitoring the patient’s molecular response to it, as well as stopping therapy in 25–30% of patients suitable to stop it safely when in TFR phase with a probability of more than 50% of not having a relapse will save additional costs that, by improving the cost-effectiveness of therapy for patients with CML, will be directed towards the treatment of new patients with this or other diseases. Conclusion: These pharmacoeconomic models can be applied to improve diagnostic and therapeutic standards in clinical practice and for the efficient use of the very limited resources for health care in countries like Bulgaria. The conducted cost-effectiveness analyses confirmed that the hematologists at the University Center in Plovdiv adhere to the recommendations of Leukemia Net and the Bulgarian Medical Society of Hematology and achieve not only good therapeutic but also pharmacoeconomic efficiency in the treatment of CML-СР patients in first- and second- line therapy

A Probe into the Reform of Public Calligraphy Course in Chinese Colleges and Universities

中国书法是中国传统文化中的瑰宝，它既是一门艺术，又有着深厚的文化内涵。我国普通高校开设公共书法教学是与目前倡导的素质教育，培养创新型人才，提倡人的全面和谐发展的高等教育理念相一致的。加强高校公共书法教育，是全面推进素质教育的有效途径之一，也是提高当代大学生人文素质的重要手段。它对促进大学生人格完善、创造力培养以及民族文化的传承等有着不可低估的作用。本文主要针对我国普通高等院校公共书法教学现状进行分析，并由此比较借鉴日本高校中实施书法教学的成功经验提出对我国高校公共书法教学改革的具体建议和措施，设计并实践一种具备学科视野的、以学生为主体的公共书法教学的新模式。论文共分为五部分。引言扼要介绍论文写...Chinese calligraphy is a treasure of Chinese traditional culture. It not only is an art, but also has profound culture contents. Opening the public calligraphy course to the university students is in accordance with the concept that advocated by the current quality- oriented education, which aims to cultivate the students’ creative talent and comprehensive development. This paper concentrates on a...学位：文学硕士院系专业：艺术教育学院美术系_美术学学号：20042201

A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges