Frequency distribution of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Overall, median CRP levels were 3.69mg/L (interquartile range 1.83–8.12 mg/L with a range of 0.16 to 44.0 mg/L).</p

Exercise performance by baseline C-reactive protein levels (CRP).

Exercise performance by baseline C-reactive protein levels (CRP).</p

Baseline cardiac function by C-reactive protein levels.

Baseline cardiac function by C-reactive protein levels.</p

Baseline patient characteristics by C-reactive protein levels.

Baseline patient characteristics by C-reactive protein levels.</p

The relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) and endothelin-1 and aldosterone in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

CRP was significantly associated with endothelin-1 and aldosterone. Ln indicates log transformed. *Adjusted for age, BMI and statin use.</p

Comorbidity burden and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels.

CRP levels increased as the number of comorbidities increased (parameter estimate 0.70 per increment in comorbidity number, 95%CI 0.14–1.27, P = 0.02), even after adjustment for age and statin use (parameter estimate 0.92, 95% CI 0.35–1.49, P = 0.002). Data presented as n (percent) and median (interquartile range). Comorbidities include obesity (body mass index > 30), hypertension, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anemia, and chronic kidney disease.</p

<i>PDE5 is not detected in cardiac LV and RV lysates from canines</i>.

<p>PDE5 was not detected in tissue lysates from the LV or RV in young normal (Normal) or old hypertensive canines (Old HTN) with diastolic dysfunction using the rabbit polyclonal anti-PDE5 antibody provided by Joseph A Beavo, [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0118664#pone.0118664.ref026" target="_blank">26</a>]. Bovine lung is used as a positive control.</p

Human Samples/Patient Characteristics.

<p>Human Samples/Patient Characteristics.</p

<i>PKG is detected in both canine and human LV samples</i>.

<p>(A) PKG is detected in LV tissue lysates in young normal (Normal), old hypertensive canines (Old HTN) with diastolic dysfunction, as well as bovine lung. (B) PKG is detected by immunoblotting of human LV samples (heart failure (n = 6) and controls (n = 8), as well as bovine lung. Upper blot—HF 1-3, Control 1-4 and lower blot—HF 4-6, Control 5-8 (refer to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0118664#pone.0118664.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>).</p

PDE5 is not detected in murine LV.

<p>(A) Western blots of LV samples from the murine demonstrate that PDE5 is detected in samples from the lung used as a positive control. For LV samples from normal (control), heart failure and compensated hypertrophy, there is non-specific binding of the anti-PDE5 antibody from Santa Cruz at a MW near the positive control, while PDE5 is not detected with the anti-PDE5 antibody from Cell Signaling or the rabbit polyclonal anti-PDE5 antibody provided by Joseph A Beavo, [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0118664#pone.0118664.ref026" target="_blank">26</a>]. (B) Western blots of 2-D gels with the anti-PDE5 antibody (Cell Signaling) demonstrate that PDE5 is detected in the lung as 2 isoelectric variants, while PDE5 is not detected in cardiac tissue lysates (normal mice). However in cardiac tissue lysates, the anti-PDE5 antibody from Santa Cruz demonstrates non-specific binding.</p