Histograms Showing the Distribution of the Depression Scale Score Stratified by Gender in the Central India Eye and Medical Study.

<p>Histograms Showing the Distribution of the Depression Scale Score Stratified by Gender in the Central India Eye and Medical Study.</p

Demographic data of the Central India Eye and Medical Study (Part I) and the whole of India according to the National Census - India (2001).

<p>Demographic data of the Central India Eye and Medical Study (Part I) and the whole of India according to the National Census - India (2001).</p

Graph Showing the Distribution of the Depression Score Stratified by Age and Gender in the Central India Eye and Medical Study.

<p>Graph Showing the Distribution of the Depression Score Stratified by Age and Gender in the Central India Eye and Medical Study.</p

Demographic Parameters and Data on Daily Activities, Smoking and Alcohol Consumption, and Depression in the Central India Eye and Medical Study.

<p>Demographic Parameters and Data on Daily Activities, Smoking and Alcohol Consumption, and Depression in the Central India Eye and Medical Study.</p

Effects of DAT1 haplotype and COMT on the lateralized motor PINV – linear regression models¹.

1<p>B = regression coefficient; SE B = standard error of the regression coefficient; beta = standardized regression coefficient.</p

Means and standard deviations of visual early contingent negative variation (CNV) amplitudes by DAT1 and COMT.

<p>Means and standard deviations of visual early contingent negative variation (CNV) amplitudes by DAT1 and COMT.</p

Scatterplot showing the negative correlation of frontal and occipito-temporal early contingent negative variation.

<p>Scatterplot showing the negative correlation of frontal and occipito-temporal early contingent negative variation.</p

Combined effects of <i>DAT1</i> and <i>COMT</i> on lateralized motor PINV – source analysis.

<p><b>A) Spatio-temporal dipole and sLORETA source analysis of influences of </b><b><i>COMT</i></b><b> and </b><b><i>DAT1</i></b><b> polymorphisms on lateralized motor PINV</b>. <b>Left</b>: RAP-MUSIC spatial component model fitted on the motor PINV peak. For the homozygous 6R–10R/Met group (highest lateralized motor PINV amplitudes), spatial component #2 explained left lateralized motor PINV topography, while spatial component #1 eliminates additional activity related to the visual post-processing and the P300/late positive complex. In contrast, for the homozygous other/Val group low lateralized motor PINV amplitudes, no comparable activation could be found. <b>Middle</b>: Dipole moments for the homozygous 6R–10R/Met group (highest lateralized motor PINV amplitudes) compared to the homozygous other/Val group (low motor PINV amplitudes). Colours and numbers refer to the models presented on the left. The vertical dashed line indicates the time of the button press trigger. The interval of the motor PINV peak (400–600 ms after the response) is marked in orange. <b>Right</b>: sLORETA source analysis for the same two genetic groups. The location of spatial component #2 for the homozygous 6R–10R/Met group depicted on the left is indicated (coordinates x = −0.30, y = −0.12, z = 0.54). The crossing red lines were moved to the point where this dipole projects onto the cortical surface in order to illustrate the cortical activation which was explained by this spatial component. Note that there were two areas with a stronger lateralized activation for the homozygous 6R–10R/Met group, one located more frontally around Brodman areas 6 and 8 (red arrow, premotor cortex and frontal eye field); the other located more centro-parietally comprising Brodman areas 1–4 and 40 (blue arrow, motor, somatosensory and posterior parietal cortex). <b>B) Interaction between the </b><b><i>DAT1</i></b><b> haplotype and </b><b><i>COMT</i></b><b> for the lateralized motor PINV</b>. The error bars indicate the 95% confidence intervals.</p

Time course and topography of the motor PINV by <i>COMT</i> Val¹⁵⁸Met genotype.

<p>This Figure is organized as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0037814#pone-0037814-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>: <b>Top</b>: The time course of the response-locked motor PINV over the contra- and the ipsilateral motor areas is shown together with lateralized motor PINV. Negativity is up. There were no significant differences between the genotype groups during response preparation (contingent negative variation, CNV) after the cue (‘A’). The <i>COMT</i> genotype affected both contra- and ipsilateral potentials. These differences selectively affected the motor PINV interval. <b>Middle</b>: Topography of the motor PINV: Isopotential line maps of the voltage topography and of the current source density (CSD) are shown, the head is presented in the top view from above, the nose is pointing upwards. Negativity and current sinks are reflected by blue areas, positivity and current sources are illustrated by red areas. The arrows mark the contralateral motor area. <b>Bottom</b>: sLORETA source analysis results illustrating the effects of <i>COMT</i> polymorphisms on the lateralized motor PINV: Note the stronger centro-parietal activation for the Met/Met compared to the Val/Val group (marked by squares and blue arrows). However, also the frontal activity in Brodman areas 6/8 showed less lateralization in the Val/Val group (red arrows). The blue dipole indicates that RAP-MUSIC yielded a spatial component that showed a localization and orientation which explained the lateralized centro-parietal activation only for the Met/Met group (details not shown). The crossing red lines were set to a point near the motor cortex hand area in order to illustrate the cortical activation in this area (cf. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0037814#pone-0037814-g004" target="_blank">Figure 4</a>).</p

Brain areas activated in response to subjectively adjusted heat pain correlate with COMT val158met polymorphism.

<p>During subjectively similar intense heat pain perception (individual temperature in BPD 43°C in healthy controls), posterior parietal cortex (A), lateral globus pallidus (LGP; B) and the posterior cingulate cortex (PPC; C) displayed significant correlation with COMT-polymorphism. Labelling as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0023658#pone-0023658-g002" target="_blank">Fig. 2</a>,* p<0.05.</p