Additional file 1 of Exploring the association between primary care efficiency and health system characteristics across European countries: a two-stage data envelopment analysis

Additional file 1: Table S1. Input, outputs and population characteristics variables. Table S2. Health system characteristics variables. Table S3. Association between efficiency and population characteristics. Table S4. Correlations between models. Table S5. Truncated regression results. Table S6. Results of log likelihood ratio tests for inclusion of year variables (time fixed effects). Figure S1. Generalist medical practitioners, per 1,000 population, average 2010-2016. Figure S2. Diabetes hospital admissions per 100,000 population, average 2010-2016. Figure S3. Admission based diabetes lower extremity amputation, per 100,000 population, average 2010-2016. Figure S4. Diabetes prevalence, percentage of population (age-standardised) , average 2010-2016. Figure S5. Alcohol consumption, litres per capita, average 2010-2016. Figure S6. Prevalence of obesity among adults aged 18 years and over, (%), average 2010-2016. Figure S7. Smoking, percentage of population aged 15+, average 2010-2016. Figure S8. Severe material deprivation, percentage of population, average 2010-2016. Figure S9. Upper secondary level education, % of population aged 25-64 years, average 2010-2016. Figure S10. Income per capita, US$ Purchasing Power Parity, average 2010-2016. Figure S11. Percentage of total unemployed population unemployed for one year or more, average 2010-2016. Figure S12. Curative care beds, per 1,000 population, average 2010-2016. Figure S13. Availability and use of Electronic Health Records by GPs, average 2010-2016

Summary of studies reporting utilisation of health care (N = 40), by countries and year.

Summary of studies reporting utilisation of health care (N = 40), by countries and year.</p

Summary of studies reporting financial protection outcome (N = 46).

Summary of studies reporting financial protection outcome (N = 46).</p

Summary of the impact of health insurance on utilisation, financial protection, and health outcomes.

Summary of the impact of health insurance on utilisation, financial protection, and health outcomes.</p

Summary of studies reporting health status (N = 12).

Summary of studies reporting health status (N = 12).</p

PRISMA flow diagram for included and excluded studies.

PRISMA flow diagram for included and excluded studies.</p

Summary of results based on type of insurance, only 18 studies with high quality and low risk of bias.

Summary of results based on type of insurance, only 18 studies with high quality and low risk of bias.</p

Box plots of nutrient density by Eatwell food group.

<p>Box plots of nutrient density as defined by the Food Standards Agency nutrient profiling score for foods (and not beverages) remaining in the UK Consumer Price Index basket across the entirety of the period 2002–2012 (n = 88), by Eatwell food group.</p

2012 mean, absolute and relative changes in price for all foods, by Eatwell group and by FSA score category.

<p>2012 mean, absolute and relative changes in price for all foods, by Eatwell group and by FSA score category.</p

Mean price of foods by Eatwell food group, 2002–2012.

<p>Mean price (£/1000 kcal) by Eatwell food group of foods and beverages remaining in the UK Consumer Price Index basket across the entirety of the period 2002–2012 (n = 94).</p