Separate simple LCMM models, with 1 latent class, for the index Δ<i>mean.bpm</i> and Δ<i>std.msec</i>.

BDI.TOT indicates the total score in the Beck Depression Inventory, i.e. the questionnaire administered to evaluate depression severity, STAI.Y.1 indicates the state anxiety measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, TAS.TOT is the total score in the Toronto Alexitimia Scale used to measure alexithymia, i.e., the difficulty in identifying and describing emotions. “Easy” category was chosen as reference in the item difficulty variable derived from Rasch model and “wrong” as reference for the item answer.</p

Example of structural and measurement models in a multivariate modeling framework, where several outcomes are expected to measure the same phenomenon.

In a very general experimental setting where elicited physiological reactions are measured, one may assume to have different HRV indices measured in several occasions, e.g., while administering emotionally charged stimuli. These multivariate outcomes potentially underlie a common latent trait that could be described as an “overall physiological activation”, which in turn is affected and modulated by demographic and clinical characteristics.</p

LCMM for the index Δ<i>std.msec</i> with 3 latent classes (model BIC: 25214.13) and only-intercept class membership model.

LCMM for the index Δstd.msec with 3 latent classes (model BIC: 25214.13) and only-intercept class membership model.</p

Jointly modeling of Δ<i>mean.bpm</i> and Δ<i>std.msec</i> (3 latent classes, BIC = 41980.85).

Jointly modeling of Δmean.bpm and Δstd.msec (3 latent classes, BIC = 41980.85).</p

Mean of the posterior probabilities of belonging to each latent class in the model for Δ<i>mean.bpm</i>.

Mean of the posterior probabilities of belonging to each latent class in the model for Δmean.bpm.</p

Mean of the posterior probabilities of belonging to each latent class in the multivariate model.

Mean of the posterior probabilities of belonging to each latent class in the multivariate model.</p

LCMM for the index Δ<i>mean.bpm</i> with 2 latent classes (model BIC: 15113.028) and total alexithymia score as covariate in the class membership model.

LCMM for the index Δmean.bpm with 2 latent classes (model BIC: 15113.028) and total alexithymia score as covariate in the class membership model.</p

Mean of the posterior probabilities of belonging to each latent class in the model for Δ<i>std.msec</i>.

Mean of the posterior probabilities of belonging to each latent class in the model for Δstd.msec.</p

Heart rate variability measures.

Heart rate variability measures.</p

Values of time and frequency domain indices estimated during the first 15 min (baseline) and the last 30 min of the HD session.

<p>Patients are grouped in tertiles of pre-dialysis FO/ECW%. Diabetic patients are excluded.</p><p>Comparisons between baseline (BL) and last 30 min of hemodialysis (HD)</p><p># Wilcoxon signed rank test p-value< 0.05, or</p><p>§ p-value<0.01 (italics)</p><p>Values of time and frequency domain indices estimated during the first 15 min (baseline) and the last 30 min of the HD session.</p